Liquid and poly(vinyl chloride) atropine-reineckate membrane electrodes for determination of atropine

Abstract. Sensitive and fast-responding potentiometric sensors are described for the determination of warfarin and ibuprofen. They consist of PVC matrix membranes containing the drug-ferroin ion-association complexes as electroactive materials and dioctylphthalate as a solvent mediator. Linear dynamic response range between 1 x 10 -2 and 2 x 10-SM with Nernstian slopes of 59-60mV/decade concentration and a detection limit of 0.8-1.3 gg/ml are obtained. A wide range of organic anions and drug excipients do not interfere. Titration of the drugs with a standard ferroin solution using either a drug-ferroin or ferroin-TPB PVC sensor in conjunction with an Ag-AgC1 reference electrode displays S-shaped titration curves with sharp potential breaks at stoichiometric 1:2 (ferroin:drug) reaction. Differential titration curves with well-defined peaks at the equivalence points are obtained using drug-ferroirdferroin-TPB PVC membrane sensors. Direct potentiometry and potentiotitrimetry of warfarin and ibuprofen in various pharmaceutical preparations are presented and compared. Several advantages over the pharmacopoeial methods and other techniques in current use are offered by the proposed technique. [21]. Many of these methods, however, involve several manipulation, extraction and derivatization steps [6,[18][19][20][21], suffer from lack of sensitivity [3,4,20], and require sophisticated instrumentation [5][6][7][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The advantages offered by capillary electrophoresis and HPLC techniques are the detection of enantiomers and metabolites of the drugs. The recent amendment of U. S. P described an HPLC method for the assay of warfarin and ibuprofen [22].Although potentiometric sensors have found many applications in pharmaceutical analysis [23][24][25], no such sensors are available for quantification of warfarin and ibuprofen in drug formulations. The only biosensor available for determining warfarin was based on immobilization of a thick suspension of Nocardia corallina as a biocatalyst on a treated vitreous carbon rod and the corresponding alcohol

show abstract

“…Warfarin and ibuprofen-ferroin PVC membrane sensors were prepared as previously described [27][28][29]. Master membranes (ca.…”

Section: Drug-ferroin Pvc Membrane Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct potentiometry and potentiotitrimetry of warfarin and ibuprofen in pharmaceutical preparations using PVC ferroin-based membrane sensors

1998

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The PVC membranes were used for construction of the sensors as previously described [32,33]. The internal reference solution of both sensors was prepared by mixing an equal volume of 1.0 Â 10 À1 mol L À1 sodium azide and potassium chloride.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Polymeric Membrane Sensors Based on Mn(III) Porphyrin and Co(II) Phthalocyanine Ionophores for Batch and Flow Injection Determination of Azide

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Azide ion is a toxic and potentially deadly species as it reduces oxygen consumption by body cells causing harmful effect on lung, heart, and brain. On the other hand, azide is used in explosive detonators, electrical discharge tubes, anticorrosion solutions, production of foam rubber, hospitals and laboratories preservatives, agricultural pest control, and automobile airbags. Conventional methods for determining inorganic azides are based on redox titrimetry [1 -4], argentometry [5,6], gasometry [7,8] and spectrophotometry [9]. Most of these methods are applicable over a high and narrow range of concentrations and suffer from severe interference by many common ions.Amperometric sensors have been suggested for azide measurements. The decrease in the differentiation of oxygen level as a function of azide due to inhibition of catalase , laccase and tyrosinase enzymes in bioactive layer of biosensors have been described [10,11]. These sensors have a limited narrow measurement range (0.25 to 3.0 Â 10 À4 mol L À1) and suffer from interferences by other inhibitors (e.g., acetate, fluoride). Although potentiometric sensors are attractive technique for the determination of many anions, due to simplicity, rapidity, selectivity, accuracy and automation feasibility, little is known about the use of these devices for determination of azides. The commercially available solid state chloride and fluoride ion selective electrodes have been utilized for determining azides. Direct potentiometric titration of azide ion with silver nitrate has been monitored with silver chloride membrane electrode [12].The fluoride electrode was also used to follow up the kinetic release of fluoride ion as a function of azide concentration (10 À2 À 10 À4 mol L À1 ) upon reaction with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene [13]. Significant interferences by halides, pseudo halides, amines, thiols and other species have been reported with both methods.A potentiometric gas sensor consisting of a glass electrode located immediately behind a gas permeable membrane wherever a very thin film of internal azide electrolyte is sandwiched between this electrode and the gas permeable membrane has been suggested. Upon acidification of the azide test solution, hydrazoic acid is liberated, which diffuses and sensed by the glass electrode [14]. An ammonia sensitive electrode with a PTFE semi permeable membrane has been similarly used [15]. Poly(vinyl chloride) matrix membrane sensors for manual and flow injection determination of metal azides have been developed using metalbathophenanthroline-azide and metal-tetraazaporphyrin ionophores [16,17].Porphyrins are iso-electronic to phthalocyanines and both classes are able to form stable metal complexes suitable for use as ionophores in anion selective sensors. The conjugated 438

show abstract

“…The PVC membranes were prepared and assembled into sensors using established procedures [13][14][15]. Unless stated otherwise, the membranes contained 1.2 mg carrier, 0.6 mg KTCIPB, 60 mg PVC and 120 mg membrane solvent.…”

Section: Pvc Membrane Electrode Fabrication and Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New thallium(I) ion selective electrode based on indeno pyran compound

Gaber

2003

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Liquid and poly(vinyl chloride) atropine-reineckate membrane electrodes for determination of atropine

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

Direct potentiometry and potentiotitrimetry of warfarin and ibuprofen in pharmaceutical preparations using PVC ferroin-based membrane sensors

Direct potentiometry and potentiotitrimetry of warfarin and ibuprofen in pharmaceutical preparations using PVC ferroin-based membrane sensors

Novel Polymeric Membrane Sensors Based on Mn(III) Porphyrin and Co(II) Phthalocyanine Ionophores for Batch and Flow Injection Determination of Azide

New thallium(I) ion selective electrode based on indeno pyran compound

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About