Liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) into phenol and characterization of phenolated EFB resin

Ahmadzadeh, Ali; Zakaria, Sarani; Rashid, Rozaidi

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2009.01.005

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Sapium sebiferum) 3) . In terms of agricultural crops, among the wastes studied were corn stover 4) , corn bran 5) , bagasse and cotton stalks 6) , moso bamboo (Phyllostachys angusta) 7) , grapevine cane (Vitis vinisera L.) 8) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunch (EFB) 9) . Other studies involving lignocellulose products were cotton wool and filter paper 10) and waste paper 11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Oil Palm Trunk Liquefaction in Glycerol and Ethylene Glycol by 2<sup>4-1</sup> Fractional Factorial Design

Awalludin¹,

Sulaiman²,

Hashim³

et al. 2017

J. Jpn. Inst. Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Oil Palm Trunk Liquefaction in Glycerol and Ethylene Glycol by 2<sup>4-1</sup> Fractional Factorial Design

Awalludin¹,

Sulaiman²,

Hashim³

et al. 2017

J. Jpn. Inst. Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Liquefaction technology is an effective method for the decomposition of lignocellulose biomass. The liquefi ed products were used for the preparation of different biomass-based materials [2,3]. Solvent liquefaction process is a promising technique for the effective production of waste biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process analysis of the waste bamboo by using polyethylene glycol solvent liquefaction

Wang¹,

Chen²,

Qiao³

et al. 2014

Int. J. SDP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Solvent liquefaction process is one of the promising techniques for the effective utilization of waste woody biomass. In the liquefaction process, waste woody biomass such as waste bamboo could be converted to liquid reactive materials for developing biomass-based materials since waste bamboo has an advantage of providing the liquefi ed products with a small range of variances. The components of liquefi ed waste bamboo released during the liquefaction reaction with the polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) solvent is highly acidic in the presence of mineral acid catalysts. Therefore, this study was carried out for analyzing the behavior of the liquefi ed residues (LRs) from waste bamboo during the solvent liquefaction process. The LRs produced during the liquefaction process were measured and related to different liquefi ed conditions. The change in the morphological surface of the liquefi ed waste bamboo samples was observed by a scanning electron microscope. The chemical changes in the functional groups were analyzed by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The crystalline structure of liquefi ed waste bamboo samples was determined by X-ray diffraction. The chemical composition analysis and particle size distribution of liquefi ed waste bamboo samples were also carried out to confi rm the results. It was found that the effi ciency of liquefaction process can be improved by increasing the temperature and the amount of acid catalysts, although condensation reaction occurred under the liquefaction condition with high temperature. The liquefaction period of lignin was signifi cantly shorter than one of cellulose in the solvent liquefaction process with PEG 400. Moreover, it is indicated that the progress of liquefaction process may be prevented by smaller particle sizes of cellulose collected in liquefi ed bamboo.

show abstract

“…Liquefaction of lignocellulose materials in phenol have been studied [1][2]. Besides, it will reduce the cost of phenolic resin production where the petrochemicals price are normally expensive and fluctuate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, it will reduce the cost of phenolic resin production where the petrochemicals price are normally expensive and fluctuate. Barks [3], waste papers [4], grapevine cane waste [5], EFB [2], bamboo [6] and others among the stating raw materials that are used as the source of lignocellulose materials in the liquefaction studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Epoxidized natural rubber toughened aqueous resole type liquefied EFB resin: Physical and chemical characterization

Amran

Zakaria²,

Chia³

2013

AIP Conference Proceedings

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) into phenol and characterization of phenolated EFB resin

Cited by 28 publications

References 13 publications

Assessment of Oil Palm Trunk Liquefaction in Glycerol and Ethylene Glycol by 2<sup>4-1</sup> Fractional Factorial Design

Assessment of Oil Palm Trunk Liquefaction in Glycerol and Ethylene Glycol by 2<sup>4-1</sup> Fractional Factorial Design

Process analysis of the waste bamboo by using polyethylene glycol solvent liquefaction

Epoxidized natural rubber toughened aqueous resole type liquefied EFB resin: Physical and chemical characterization

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About