Liquefaction of lignocellulosic materials and its applications in wood adhesives—A review

Jiang, Wendy; Kumar, Anuj; Αδαμόπουλος, Στέργιος

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.07.053

Cited by 107 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…The most common solvent is water but it usually produces low yields of bio-crudes with higher oxygen content and lower heating values. Other organic solvents such as alcohols, phenol, esters, ketones, tetralin and various alcohol-water mixtures can provide higher bio-crude yields with lower oxygen content and can serve also as donors of hydrogen during the process [184]. The catalyst may be used to inhibit the formation of char and tar [185].…”

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefaction Of Biomass and Upgrading Of Bio-crudementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It proceeds with the depolymerization of the biomass macromolecules into smaller compounds and with various chemical and thermal decompositions of monomers by cleavage, dehydration, decarboxylation and deamination (removal of aminoacids) which create smaller fragments and remove oxygen from the biomass product. Finally the created fragments are rearranged through condensation, cyclization and repolymerization [184,186]. Ramirez et al [187] have reported that the chemical composition of bio-crudes varies significantly and contains various groups of chemicals such as phenolics, esters, aromatics and heterocyclics, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, ketones, saturated hydrocarbons and nitrogenates.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefaction Of Biomass and Upgrading Of Bio-crudementioning

confidence: 99%

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Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies, Catalytic Research, Fuel Properties and Performance in Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

et al. 2019

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The present investigation provides an overview of the current technology related to the green diesel, from the classification and chemistry of the available biomass feedstocks to the possible production technologies and up to the final fuel properties and their effect in modern compression ignition internal combustion engines. Various biomass feedstocks are reviewed paying attention to their specific impact on the production of green diesel. Then, the most prominent production technologies are presented such as the hydro-processing of triglycerides, the upgrading of sugars and starches into C15–C18 saturated hydrocarbons, the upgrading of bio-oil derived by the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials and the “Biomass-to-Liquid” (BTL) technology which combines the production of syngas (H2 and CO) from the gasification of biomass with the production of synthetic green diesel through the Fischer-Tropsch process. For each of these technologies the involved chemistry is discussed and the necessary operation conditions for the maximum production yield and the best possible fuel properties are reviewed. Also, the relevant research for appropriate catalysts and catalyst supports is briefly presented. The fuel properties of green diesel are then discussed in comparison to the European and US Standards, to petroleum diesel and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and, finally their effect on the compression ignition engines are analyzed. The analysis concludes that green diesel is an excellent fuel for combustion engines with remarkable properties and significantly lower emissions.

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Section: Hydrothermal Liquefaction Of Biomass and Upgrading Of Bio-crudementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefaction Of Biomass and Upgrading Of Bio-crudementioning

confidence: 99%

Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies, Catalytic Research, Fuel Properties and Performance in Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

et al. 2019

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“…A complete moderate-acid catalyzed liquefaction process of biomass in alcohols or phenols takes approximately 90-120 min under constant stirring and heating [9,12]. The obtained compounds require further purification stage to retrieve liquids for applying in adhesive formulations, which is time-and energy-consuming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Partially Liquefied Bark for Production of Particleboards

et al. 2020

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Bark as a sawmilling residue can be used for producing value-added chemicals and materials. This study investigated the use of partially liquefied bark (PLB) for producing particleboard with or without synthetic adhesives. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) bark was partially liquefied in the presence of ethylene glycol and sulfuric acid. Four types of particleboard panels were prepared with a PLB content of 4.7%, 9.1%, 20%, and 33.3%, respectively. Another five types of particleboard panels were manufactured by using similar amounts of PLB and 10 wt.% of melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives. Characterization of bark and solid residues of PLB was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and automated vapor sorption (AVS). Mechanical and physical properties of the particleboard were tested according to the European standards EN 310 for determining modulus of elasticity and bending strength, EN 317 for determining thickness swelling after immersion in water, and EN 319 for determining internal bond strength. The results showed that the increase in PLB content improved the mechanical strength for the non-MUF boards, and the MUF-bonded boards with up to 20% of PLB met the requirements for interior uses in dry conditions according to EN 312. The non-MUF boards containing 33.3% of PLB and the MUF-bonded boards showed comparable thickness swelling and water absorption levels compared to the reference board.

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“…Higher lignin content in the biomass will lead to a lower liquefaction yield as lignin is difficult to degrade [22], [38], [39]. Based on previous reports that the lignin content of wood sawdust (19.85 wt.%) is higher than that of rice straw (6.42-12.8 wt.%) and tea waste (8.5 wt.%) [40]- [42]. Therefore, sawdust liquefaction is more challenge compare with others.…”

Section: A Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Optimization of Plasma Catalytic Liquefaction Technique for the Conversion of Sawdust Into Value-Added Chemicals

Cai

Liu

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Non-thermal plasma is an alternative technology of exploiting biomass for efficient production of value added energy carriers. In this study, plasma catalytic liquefaction (PCL) system is successfully developed to achieve rapid and efficient liquefaction of sawdust in the presence of co-solvent polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200) and glycerin as well as the acid catalyst H 2 SO 4. The influences of different operating factors such as the catalyst concentration, reaction time, molar ratio of PEG 200 and glycerin and the power supply are investigated in terms of the liquefaction yield and solution temperature, while the roles of the applied voltage and the duty cycle of power supply in the PCL process are discussed in detail. Experimental results show that the sawdust could be completely liquefied into crude bio-oil with a high heating value (HHV) of 19.18 MJ/kg in the mixture containing sawdust and solvent in a ratio of 1/7, and 1 wt.% catalyst H 2 SO 4. Increasing the applied voltage and duty cycle are more efficient giving higher yield of liquid products. Based on the analysis of the processing conditions, suggested that the enhanced performance of the PCL process is linked to the superiority of heating that induced by electric field and the presence of quantities reactive species during the plasma discharge. The physiochemical characteristics of the biomass sample and the liquefied products are interpreted by using elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the identities and concentration of the liquid products are determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). INDEX TERMS Non-thermal plasma, plasma catalytic liquefaction, biomass utilization, bio-oil production.

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Liquefaction of lignocellulosic materials and its applications in wood adhesives—A review

Cited by 107 publications

References 141 publications

Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies, Catalytic Research, Fuel Properties and Performance in Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

Green Diesel: Biomass Feedstocks, Production Technologies, Catalytic Research, Fuel Properties and Performance in Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines

Utilization of Partially Liquefied Bark for Production of Particleboards

The Optimization of Plasma Catalytic Liquefaction Technique for the Conversion of Sawdust Into Value-Added Chemicals

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