Liquefaction of kraft lignin over the composite catalyst HTaMoO6 and Rh/C in dioxane-water system

Jin, Lele; Li, Wenzhi; Liu, Qiying; Wang, Jindong; Zhu, Yuanshuai; Xu, Zhenhang; Wei, Xiangqian; Zhang, Qi

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2018.05.014

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Red pine wood [3], acid hydrolysis residue (AHR) of corn [4], enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) [5] and oil palm empty fruit bunch [6] are some of liquefied lignocellulosic materials mentioned in the literature using alcohols solvents and sulphuric acid as catalyst. In the literature, some works have been also reported about the potential use of Kraft lignin in liquefaction process using acid-based and metal oxide catalysts [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquefaction o Kraft Lignin at Atmospheric Pressure

Silva¹,

Santos²,

Gatto³

et al. 2019

Journal of Renewable Materials

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Kraft lignin was liquefied using polyethylene glycol #400 (PEG) and glycerol (G) in a weight ratio of 80/20 (w/w) and sulphuric acid (SA) as catalyst under atmospheric pressure at 160ºC. The three independent variables: reaction time (60, 80 and 100 min), percentage of lignin (15, 20 and 25%, w/w), and catalyst concentration (0, 3 and 6%, w/w), were varied resulting in 27 experimental runs. The effect of these reaction conditions on the properties of the polyols was evaluated. The statistical analysis showed that only "the percentage of lignin" did not influence the properties of the liquefied products, however, reaction time and catalyst load were important parameters. The resulting liquefied products were characterized by FTIR analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquefaction o Kraft Lignin at Atmospheric Pressure

Silva¹,

Santos²,

Gatto³

et al. 2019

Journal of Renewable Materials

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“…Above results show that both alcohols and mixed alcohols are all suitable choice as efficient solvents for lignin liquefaction. Moreover, efficient catalysts, such as acid catalyst [18][19][20], base catalyst [21,22], metal supported catalyst [23,24] also play an important role in lignin liquefaction, as the active sites in catalysts can promote reaction greatly. For example, Huang et al [19] reported that the utilization of Lewis acid metal triflates realized the effective transformation of lignin to lignin-derived alkylmethoxyphenols through metal-catalyzed hydrogenolysis under mild conditions.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dabral et al [21] found that lignin, which was the sustainable alternative to petroleum-derived aromatics, was converted into methylated phenol derivatives by base-catalyzed depolymerization (BCD). In addition, Jin et al [23] applied metal supported catalyst HTMoO 6 to complete the depolymerization of Kraft lignin in dioxane-water system, resulting in a higher petroleum ether soluble fraction yield of 58.7% at 320 • C for 24 h. However, these studies of lignin depolymerization all contained high temperatures and pressures, few reports had investigated the depolymerization of lignin under mild conditions. Therefore, the goal of this study was to explore a mild condition for operating the lignin depolymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Depolymerization of Sodium Lignosulfonate over SO42−/TiO2 Catalyst

Mei

et al. 2020

Catalysts

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In this paper, liquefaction of sodium lignosulfonate (SL) over SO42−/TiO2 catalyst in methanol/glycerol was investigated. Effects of temperature, time, the ratio of methanol to glycerol and catalyst dosage were also studied. It was indicated that optimal reaction condition (the temperature of 160 °C, the time of 1 h, solvent ratio (methanol/glycerol) of 2:1, catalyst dosage of 5 wt % (based on lignin input)) was obtained after sets of experiments. The maximum yields of liquefaction (89.8%) and bio-oil (86.8%) were gained under the optimal reaction conditions. Bio-oil was analyzed by elemental analysis, FT-IR and gas chromatogram and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It was shown that the functional groups of bio-oil were enriched and calorific value of bio-oil was increased. Finally, it can be seen from GC/MS analysis that the type of products included alcohols, ethers, phenols, ketones, esters and acids. Phenolic compounds mainly consisted of G (guaiacyl)-type phenols.

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“…Dioxane has been used as a reaction medium in several KL depolymerization studies in conjunction with other solvents such as water [50], ethanol [51] and most prominently with methanol [46,[52][53][54][55]. KL is not especially soluble in dioxane, but when used in conjunction with other solvents, the solubility is drastically increased, allowing lignin to interact more freely with any present catalyst and reduce the chance of char formation.…”

Section: Dioxane and Other Solvents As Reaction Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvolysis of Kraft Lignin to Bio-Oil: A Critical Review

2020

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Lignin, a component of lignocellulosic biomass, is abundant and is produced extensively as a waste product of the Kraft pulping process, lignin obtained from this process is called Kraft lignin (KL). Lignin’s three-dimensional structure composed of aromatic alcohols (monolignols) makes it a potential source of renewable aromatic chemicals or bio-oil, if depolymerized. Among all the depolymerization methods for KL, solvolysis is the most popular, showing consistently high bio-oil yields. Despite the large number of studies that have been carried out, an economically feasible industrial process has not been found and comparison among the various studies is difficult, as very different studies in terms of reaction media and catalysts report seemingly satisfactory results. In this review, we compare and analyze KL solvolysis studies published, identify trends in bio-oil composition and give a comprehensive explanation about the mechanisms involved in the processes. Additional commentary is offered about the availability and future potential of KL as a renewable feedstock for aromatic chemicals, as well as logistical and technical aspects.

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Liquefaction of kraft lignin over the composite catalyst HTaMoO6 and Rh/C in dioxane-water system

Cited by 30 publications

References 50 publications

Liquefaction o Kraft Lignin at Atmospheric Pressure

Liquefaction o Kraft Lignin at Atmospheric Pressure

Effective Depolymerization of Sodium Lignosulfonate over SO42−/TiO2 Catalyst

Solvolysis of Kraft Lignin to Bio-Oil: A Critical Review

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