Liquefaction of Cellulose in the Presence of Phenol and Main Reaction Pathway of its Liquefied Products

Abstract

The liquefaction of cellulose in the presence of phenol without or with sulfuric acid as catalyst was investigated. The liquefied products were characterized by GC/MS and FTIR. Results showed that reaction temperature and reaction time had obvious effects on liquefaction of cellulose. Sulfuric acid showed an excellent catalytic degradation. The chemical compositions of the liquefied products produced using sulfuric acid catalyst or not were almost identical, and the majority of the identified liquefied products were methylene bisphenol and its isomers. During the process of liquefaction, the degradation of cellulose and condensation polymerization occurred at the same time. The last liquefied products were greatly dependent on the reaction conditions.

Whey protein-based water-resistant and environmentally safe adhesives for plywood

“…Such attention is motivated by a decrease in availability and increase in cost of non-renewable fossil-based raw materials; therefore, research has focused on renewable resources such as biomass energy, green chemicals and materials, or developing substitutes for petroleum-based materials. A variety of bio-based materials, such as cellulose (Zhang 2003), lignin (Sarkar and Adhikari 2004), tannin (Santana et al 1995), wood (Lee and Chen 2008), corn bran (Lee et al 2000), starch (Yao et al 1995), barks (Yuan et al 2009), bamboo (Yip et al 2009), waste paper (Lee et al 2002), and soybean protein (Kumar et al 2002;Wang et al 2007), have been characterized and investigated with regard to the preparation of bio-based plastics, adhesive, foams, and other bio-polymers.…”