Liquefaction of Biomass and Upgrading of Bio-Oil: A Review

Zhang, Shiqiu; Yang, Xue; Zhang, Haiqing; Chu, Chunli; Zheng, Kui; Mei, Ju; Liu, Le

doi:10.3390/molecules24122250

Cited by 109 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 220 publications

(249 reference statements)

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“…The calculating kinetic parameters of ketonization reaction of CD 3 COOH, CH 3 COOH and CH 3 13 COOH on the hCeSi surface showed that the pre-exponential factors have close values within the limits of the same order~10 9 as in the cause of reaction series of carboxylic acids on the lCeSi surface (Table 4). This result allows using Equation 5for calculation of DKIE of formation of acetone isotopomers from deuterated acetic acid in comparison with formation acetone from nonlabeled acetic acid.…”

Section: Study Of the Magnitude And The Origin Of Dkiementioning

confidence: 94%

“…Catalytic pyrolysis can effectively convert second-generation feedstocks (lignocellulose, waste oils, fats, algae, agricultural and forest residues, etc.) into bio-oil or pyrolysis oil [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The potential for the use of biomass resources of second-generation feedstocks in Europe is very high [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the major components of bio-oil [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][9][10][11][12][13][14] is organic acids. Currently, some of them, including acetic, valeric, levulinic (γ-ketovaleric acid), 2,5 furan dicarboxylic acids, etc., are considered as key-building platforms in biomass conversion technologies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]12,14]. The upgrading of bio-derived carboxylic acids has great economic, social and environmental advantages compared with the traditional use of fossil hydrocarbon resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids into Symmetric Ketones over Ceria-Based Catalysts: Kinetics, Isotope Effect and Mechanism

2020

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Ketonization is a promising way for upgrading bio-derived carboxylic acids from pyrolysis bio-oils, waste oils, and fats to produce high value-added chemicals and biofuels. Therefore, an understanding of its mechanism can help to carry out the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass more efficiently. Here we show that temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) together with linear free energy relationships (LFERs) can be used to identify catalytic pyrolysis mechanisms. We report the kinetics of the catalytic pyrolysis of deuterated acetic acid and a reaction series of linear and branched fatty acids into symmetric ketones on the surfaces of ceria-based oxides. A structure–reactivity correlation between Taft’s steric substituent constants Es* and activation energies of ketonization indicates that this reaction is the sterically controlled reaction. Surface D3-n-acetates transform into deuterated acetone isotopomers with different yield, rate, E≠, and deuterium kinetic isotope effect (DKIE). The obtained values of inverse DKIE together with the structure–reactivity correlation support a concerted mechanism over ceria-based catalysts. These results demonstrate that analysis of Taft’s correlations and using simple equation for estimation of DKIE from TPD-MS data are promising approaches for the study of catalytic pyrolysis mechanisms on a semi-quantitative level.

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Section: Study Of the Magnitude And The Origin Of Dkiementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids into Symmetric Ketones over Ceria-Based Catalysts: Kinetics, Isotope Effect and Mechanism

2020

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“…Global consumption of transportation fuels, lubricants, and chemicals amid the depletion of petroleum reserves is leading to a growing demand for alternative hydrocarbon sources. These non-petroleum feedstocks include natural gas and coal, as well as renewable biomass and urban wastes [1]. All of them can be converted into clean hydrocarbons via syngas production followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruthenium-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes as Mesocatalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis

et al. 2020

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Halloysite aluminosilicate nanotubes loaded with ruthenium particles were used as reactors for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. To load ruthenium inside clay, selective modification of the external surface with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, urea, or acetone azine was performed. Reduction of materials in a flow of hydrogen at 400 °C resulted in catalysts loaded with 2 wt.% of 3.5 nm Ru particles, densely packed inside the tubes. Catalysts were characterized by N2-adsorption, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray diffraction analysis. We concluded that the total acidity and specific morphology of reactors were the major factors influencing activity and selectivity toward CH4, C2–4, and C5+ hydrocarbons in the Fischer–Tropsch process. Use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for ruthenium binding gave a methanation catalyst with ca. 50% selectivity to methane and C2–4. Urea-modified halloysite resulted in the Ru-nanoreactors with high selectivity to valuable C5+ hydrocarbons containing few olefins and a high number of heavy fractions (α = 0.87). Modification with acetone azine gave the slightly higher CO conversion rate close to 19% and highest selectivity in C5+ products. Using a halloysite tube with a 10–20-nm lumen decreased the diffusion limitation and helped to produce high-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. The extremely small C2–C4 fraction obtained from the urea- and azine-modified sample was not reachable for non-templated Ru-nanoparticles. Dense packing of Ru nanoparticles increased the contact time of olefins and their reabsorption, producing higher amounts of C5+ hydrocarbons. Loading of Ru inside the nanoclay increased the particle stability and prevented their aggregation under reaction conditions.

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“…It is a dark brown and viscous liquid, mainly composed of acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, phenols, and guaiacol. Zhang et al (2019) summarized bio-oil main characteristics in a table, comparing it to heavy petroleum fuel oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC-MS Analysis and Characterization of Bio-Oil from Sweet Potato Peel - A Putative Bio-Fuel

Santos¹,

Mateus²,

Vieira³

et al. 2019

J. Mater. Sci. Technol. Res.

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Due to the excessive oil consumption alongside with its possible depletion and the need to find new sources of products with reduced ecological footprint, urges to conduct the research towards to new processes using biomass, especially residues, as sources of raw materials. The acid liquefaction catalyzed by the p-toluene sulfonic acid of sweet potato peel waste was conducted under mild conditions leading to a bio-oil with a conversion of 85 %. The products were analyzed by ATR-FTIR, SEM, GC-MS and elemental analysis. The results have demonstrated the liquefaction of sweet potato peel is achievable and affords a high carbon content bio-oil composed mainly by carbohydrate compounds and esters showing that the liquefied products can be envisaged as a chemical platform for several uses, in particular as biofuel due to its esters content.

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Liquefaction of Biomass and Upgrading of Bio-Oil: A Review

Cited by 109 publications

References 220 publications

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids into Symmetric Ketones over Ceria-Based Catalysts: Kinetics, Isotope Effect and Mechanism

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids into Symmetric Ketones over Ceria-Based Catalysts: Kinetics, Isotope Effect and Mechanism

Ruthenium-Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes as Mesocatalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis

GC-MS Analysis and Characterization of Bio-Oil from Sweet Potato Peel - A Putative Bio-Fuel

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