Liquefaction Characteristics of A Gravelly Fill Liquefied During the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu Earthquake

Hatanaka, Munenori; Uchida, Akihiko; Ohara, Junryo

doi:10.3208/sandf.37.3_107

Cited by 70 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although in our measurements the critical strain threshold is determined in a different way, a good correspondence of the onset of modulus reduction at the threshold strain suggests that our γ 1 corresponds to the threshold strain obtained in geotechnical engineering. Shearing experiments with saturated sands under undrained conditions at larger strains of up to γ~0.1 have also been made, which showed that stiffening (cyclic mobility) of soil occurs above a strain of the order of 10 − 2 (e.g., Hatanaka et al, 1997). This critical strain value is smaller than γ 2 at high packing fractions (0.6) in our experiments by about an order of magnitude or less.…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Rheology Measurementssupporting

confidence: 42%

“…, a situation realized in shear tests of geotechnical engineering (e.g., Hatanaka et al, 1997). When a water-saturated sands with d~10 − 3 m is sheared at this strain rate, we have Re~10 − 2 , indicating that particle inertia effects are still small.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…These conditions can be influenced by a number of parameters such as the particle packing fraction (ϕ), particle diameter and liquid viscosity, as well as the shearing amplitude and frequency. Many studies in geotechnical engineering have assessed the susceptibility of a particular sand or soil to liquefaction at small strains (see Vucetic (1994) for a review) and dilatancy at large strains (e.g., Hatanaka et al, 1997). However these measurements were limited to water-saturated cases, and it is uncertain whether the same conditions apply to suspensions in more viscous liquids, which is relevant to magmatic suspensions as well as the case in which the water suspends fine particles which increases the effective viscosity (Iverson, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suspension rheology under oscillatory shear and its geophysical implications

Sumita

Manga

2008

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Editor: C.P. JaupartKeywords: suspension rheology coseismic response liquefaction dilatancy triggering Dynamic strain generated by seismic waves is often invoked to explain coseismic responses to earthquakes, such as liquefaction, dilatancy and the remote triggering of earthquakes and eruptions. In order to expand our understanding of the conditions under which such responses occur, we measure the rheology of non-Brownian particle suspensions under oscillatory shear at frequencies corresponding to the seismic band (0.1-10 Hz). We characterize the changes in rheology as a function of volumetric particle packing fraction (0.2-0.6), particle diameter (9, 39 μm), and the viscosity of the suspending fluid (0.97, 12.14 Pas). By varying the stress (corresponding to a strain range 10 − 5 b γ b 10 1 ) we identify three rheological regimes. In order of increasing strain amplitude these are (I) linear viscoelastic, (II) shear-thinning and (III) shear-thickening. Transitions between regimes are better defined by a critical strain, rather than stress, particularly for large packing fractions. We find that critical strains are independent of the shearing frequency and fluid viscosity, whereas they decrease with particle packing fraction. We also monitor how the rheology recovers after imposing a large amplitude shear and find that the time scale for recovery is shorter for larger particles, suggesting that structural recovery is controlled by permeable fluid flow. Our results are consistent with the different regimes identified in previous shear tests of water-saturated sands which have a smaller fluid viscosity, suggesting that the same strain criteria can be applied to a wide variety of geological situations.

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Section: Comparison With Previous Rheology Measurementssupporting

confidence: 42%

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suspension rheology under oscillatory shear and its geophysical implications

Sumita

Manga

2008

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…The detailed analysis procedure is outlined in the later chapter. Hatanaka et al (1997) performed a systematic research relating the undrained cyclic shear strength of high quality undisturbed gravel samples to the shear wave velocity measured insitu V S1 is used for correcting the effect of effective confining stress on V S by using the following equation.…”

Section: Andrus and Stokoe (2000) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Liquefaction Hazard Assessment

Satyam¹

2012

Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering - Soil Liquefaction and Seismic Safety of Dams and Monuments

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“…In the Niigata earthquake (1964), Alaska earthquake (1964), Hyogoken-nambu earthquake (1995), and Canterbury earthquake (2011), a number of buildings and other infrastructure elements erected on sandy soil were extensively damaged (Kawakami and Asada, 1966;Ishihara, 1993;Hatanaka et al, 1997;Cubrinovski et al, 2011). In particular, the March 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tohoku caused widespread damage, including formation of sand boils, the settlement and tilting of buildings, and embankment failures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of relative density and accumulated shear strain on post-liquefaction residual deformation

Kim

Kazama

Kwon

2013

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The damage caused by liquefaction, which occurs following an earthquake, is usually because of settlement and lateral spreading. Generally, the evaluation of liquefaction has been centered on settlement, that is, residual volumetric strain. However, in actual soil, residual shear and residual volumetric deformations occur simultaneously after an earthquake. Therefore, the simultaneous evaluation of the two phenomena and the clarification of their relationship are likely to evaluate post-liquefaction soil behaviors more accurately. Hence, a quantitative evaluation of postliquefaction damage will also be possible. In this study, the effects of relative density and accumulated shear strain on post-liquefaction residual deformations were reviewed through a series of lateral constrained-control hollow cylindrical torsion tests under undrained conditions. In order to identify the relationship between residual shear and residual volumetric strains, this study proposed a new test method that integrates monotonic loading after cyclic loading, and K 0 -drain after cyclic loading -in other words, the combination of cyclic loading, monotonic loading, and the K 0 drain. In addition, a control that maintained the lateral constrained condition across all the processes of consolidation, cyclic loading, monotonic loading, and drainage was used to reproduce the anisotropy of in situ ground. This lateral constrain control was performed by controlling the axial strain, based on the assumption that under undrained conditions, axial and lateral strains occur simultaneously, and unless axial strain occurs, lateral strain does not occur. The test results confirmed that the recovery of effective stresses, which occur during monotonic loading and drainage after cyclic loading, respectively, result from mutually different structural restoration characteristics. In addition, in the ranges of 40-60 % relative density and 50-100 % accumulated shear strain, relative density was found to have greater effects than the number of cycles (accumulated shear strain).

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Liquefaction Characteristics of A Gravelly Fill Liquefied During the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu Earthquake

Cited by 70 publications

References 7 publications

Suspension rheology under oscillatory shear and its geophysical implications

Suspension rheology under oscillatory shear and its geophysical implications

Review on Liquefaction Hazard Assessment

Effects of relative density and accumulated shear strain on post-liquefaction residual deformation

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