Liquefaction and substitution of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) based bio-oil into epoxy resins

Wei, Nan; Via, Brian K.; Wang, Yifen; McDonald, Timothy P.; Auad, Marı́a L.

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.03.028

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Recent research on alkaline pretreatment of switchgrass for lignin removal and sugar retentions for economic valuable cellulosic ethanol production was reported by Karp et al [27]. Meanwhile, liquefaction was also applied in the integrated utilizations of switchgrass for biobased epoxy resins [28]. In our previous study, we optimized a system to selectively liquefy the lignin in lignocellulosic biomass for production of carbohydrate polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Biobased Polyurethane Foams Employing Lignin Fractionated from Microwave Liquefied Switchgrass

Huang

Hoop

Xie

et al. 2017

International Journal of Polymer Science

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Lignin samples fractionated from microwave liquefied switchgrass were applied in the preparation of semirigid polyurethane (PU) foams without purification. The objective of this study was to elucidate the influence of lignin in the PU matrix on the morphological, chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the PU foams. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that lignin with 5 and 10% content in the PU foams did not influence the cell shape and size. The foam cell size became larger by increasing the lignin content to 15%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that chemical interactions occurred between the lignin hydroxyl and isocyanate revealing that lignin was well dispersed in the matrix materials. The apparent density of the foam with 10% lignin increased by 14.2% compared to the control, while the foam with 15% lignin had a decreased apparent density. The effect of lignin content on the mechanical properties was similar to that on apparent density. The lignin containing foams were much more thermally stable than the control foam as evidenced by having higher initial decomposition temperature and maximum decomposition rate temperature from the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) profiles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Biobased Polyurethane Foams Employing Lignin Fractionated from Microwave Liquefied Switchgrass

Huang

Hoop

Xie

et al. 2017

International Journal of Polymer Science

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“…In fact, polyurethane industry has been exploiting the use of the biopolyols obtained from liquefaction in the formulation of new composites and foams (Alma et al, 2003;Hakim et al, 2011;Hu and Li, 2014). Furthermore new adhesives have also been formulated towards the incorporation of liquefied products in their formulations (Bordado et al, 2015;Roslan et al, 2014) as well as novel epoxy resins derivatives (Wei et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonication as a foremost tool to improve cork liquefaction

Mateus¹,

Acero²,

Bordado³

et al. 2015

Industrial Crops and Products

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“…2C and 2D). The C-O-C group of epoxy resins and the absorbance at 3280 cm -1 , which was attributed to -OH stretching (Wei et al 2014) of wood components and/or bio-oil were the two main functional groups in the interaction. However, further work needs to be carried out for better understanding of the complex mechanism of the curing reaction between epoxy resin, bio-oil, and wood components.…”

Section: Chemical Structure At the Interfacementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Using wood-derived bio-oil to modify epoxy resin is a promising method to lower costs (Mohan et al 2006;Wei et al 2014). These bio-oils are derived from renewable resources, rather than from oil derivatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial Properties of Loblolly Pine Bonded with Epoxy/Wood Pyrolysis Bio-oil Blended System

Liu¹,

Gao²,

Guo³

et al. 2014

BioResources

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The bonding interface of loblolly pine veneers cured with epoxy/wood pyrolysis bio-oil resins was studied. The shear strength of the adhered strands was calculated to examine the effect of bio-oil addition on epoxy resin performance. The chemical structure, curing behavior, and microstructure were investigated to analyze the interaction between wood substrate and resins. Results showed that the strength of pine wood-resin joints gradually decreased as more bio-oil was added. However, this effect was not apparent when the substitution rate was lower than 30%. ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed that complex chemical reactions take place between wood constituents and epoxy/bio-oil resins involved in the cross-linking at the interface. The reaction degree of -OH and C-O-C functional groups plays a key role in regulating the bonding stress of the wood bond line. The addition of bio-oil accelerated the polycondensation cross-linking process, resulting in a decreased cure temperature. SEM and optical microscopy showed that the epoxy/bio-oil resin formed gel nails in the pit and tracheid gaps, leading to the closing of the capillaries of the wood's cell walls and the colloidal interface extending into the timber micro-capillary system.

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Liquefaction and substitution of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) based bio-oil into epoxy resins

Cited by 29 publications

References 36 publications

Characterization of Biobased Polyurethane Foams Employing Lignin Fractionated from Microwave Liquefied Switchgrass

Characterization of Biobased Polyurethane Foams Employing Lignin Fractionated from Microwave Liquefied Switchgrass

Sonication as a foremost tool to improve cork liquefaction

Interfacial Properties of Loblolly Pine Bonded with Epoxy/Wood Pyrolysis Bio-oil Blended System

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