Lipoxygenase activity in ontogenesis of ferns Salvinia natans and Polystichum aculeatum

Abstract

We analyzed the peculiarities of lipoxygenase (LoX) k e y w o r d s: Salvinia natans (L.) all., Polystichum aculeatum (L.) roth., lipoxigenases.I ntensification of membrane lipids oxidation is a universal signaling mechanism that triggers the development of cell adaptation programs, and its initiation involves lipoxygenases. Lipoxygenases molecules (linoleate:oxygen oxydoreductase, EC 1.13.11.12, LOXs) contain non-gem iron [1][2][3] and catalyze stereo-specific peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that have at least one 1Z,4Z-pentadiene link [4]. Formation of hydroperoxides of trans-and cis-conjugated dienes is a key reaction in the lipoxygenase cascade that initiates seven enzyme branches [5], whose final products are biologically active metabolites -oxylipins [5,6]. These compounds are involved in the regulation of growth, development as well as formation of responses to environment signals and provide certain communication between living organism kingdoms [2, 3 7-10]. Search for specific DNA sequences in the data base GenBank, Refseq, Uniprot, Ensembl made it possible to establish the presence of LOX in ciano-and proteobacteria, the simplest unicellular red and green sea algae, amoeba, fungi, mosses, angiosperms and animals [1,3]. Although a biological role of LOX in lower plants remains unclear, the occurrence of LOX sequence in their DNA suggests that the genus of these enzymes is evolutionary ancient and emerged after the emergence of oxygen on the Earth. LOX are thought to arise first in cianobacteria -the oldest life form [11]. In lower organisms LOX occur as hybrid enzymes in which the lipoxygenase domain may be associated with another catalytic domain, in particular, a peroxidase one. A biological role of hybrid enzymes is not fully understood but it has been shown that they are involved in biosynthesis of signaling molecules of lipid nature [12]. Algae and mosses contain significant quantities of С 20 -PUFAs (arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic) and С 18 -PUFAs (α-linolenic and linolenic) that are characteristic of animals, and which are typical lipoxygenase substrates in flower plants [13]. Physcomitrella patens were found to have LOX with рН opt of 7.0 and рН opt of 5.0 that produced (12S)-hy-

Endogenous cytokinins dynamics during development of sporophytes of perennial ferns Dryopteris filix-mas and Polystichum aculeatum (Dryopteridaceae)

“…The fronds and rhizomes of sporophyte were separated and fixed in liquid nitrogen. Growth conditions (temperature regime, illumination, composition and soil acidity) were described in detail (Babenko et al, 2017).…”

Rhizobium Presence and Functions in Microbiomes of Non-leguminous Plants

“…In response to herbivore attack, plants produce an enhanced level of lipoxygenases (LOXs), polyphenol oxidases (PPOs), peroxidases (PO), and phenylalanine ammonium lyases (PAL) involved in the synthesis of defense metabolites against herbivore damage (Gourlay and Constabel 2019). LOXs are ubiquitous enzymes that play important roles in plants, which involved in the production of fatty acids, jasmonic acid, volatile aldehydes, and oxyacids (Babenko et al 2017). Phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL) is involved in the production of many primary and secondary metabolites of higher plants and regulates lignification during stress conditions (Chen et al 2009).…”