Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) Induces Delayed Protection in the Rat Heart: A Comparison with Endotoxin (LPS)

Abstract

Bmddsby JC et a]. EleMted sewn Msadar endothelial g M fador rxmmhkm m preedampsia. Hpw%g. 1998;17:283-291. bxkelsby JC d a]. VEGF I VEGF m -1 (m-1) mimics preedamptic plasma in intubkg uterine bbod vessel re!aMm m pregnancy Lab InvesI. 1599;79:1101-11. Ekckeky JC et al. The effeds of ~sarbr endo(helil growlh fador on edc#&l cells-a pctenbl role in peedampsia. h . J . ohst Gymxd 2oo0;182:17&183. 3. Y I 9 PROTECTION IN THE RAT HEART: A COMPARISON WITH ENDOTOXIN (LPS) K ZACHAROWSKI, S FRANK, M OTTO, PK CHATTERJEE, C THIEMERMANN

Hyperglycemia accelerates arterial thrombus formation and attenuates the antithrombotic response to endotoxin in mice

“…During this refractory period, endothelial tissue factor expression and tissue-factor-related procoagulant activity is reduced in response to the initial stimulus. Similar thromboprotective effects of endotoxin administration are seen in in-vivo studies in relation to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion [25][26][27], and this effect is referred to as 'preconditioning'. Interestingly, endotoxin injection in the diabetic mice resulted in a different vascular reaction compared with the nondiabetic mice: no reduced thrombus formation, no increase in vascular adhesion molecule-1, significantly higher expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and increased TAT levels were observed.…”

Effect of cis-resveratrol on genes involved in nuclear factor kappa B signaling

“…These cytokines subsequently enhance the expression of the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) present in the mitochondrial matrix of vascular endothelium. This enzyme in turn destroys the ROS generated by immune cells, which are generally considered to be the principal effectors of reperfusion injury [53]. In this connection, c-RESV at high concentrations (100 AM) induces an increase in TNF-a production, TNF-a mRNA levels and protein levels in inflammatory macrophages stimulated with LPS and IFN-g.…”

Peptidoglycan and Lipoteichoic Acid in Gram-Positive Bacterial Sepsis: Receptors, Signal Transduction, Biological Effects, and Synergism

“…LTA was also found to activate both classical and alternative complement pathways (101,102). In vivo, phenol extracted LTA has been shown 1) to act in synergy with PepG to cause shock and organ injury in rats (99,103) and 2) to protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury of the heart and kidney (104,105). In a recent study, intranasal instillation of LTA to mice caused infiltration of neutrophils into the lungs (106).…”