Chapter 1. BACKGROUND …………………………………………………………………. Chapter 2. SUPRAMOLECULAR NANOPARTICLES (SNPs) ………………………….. My graduate study at UCLA was a precious, unique and memorable experience. All the challenges and experiences had happened made me grow stronger and wiser. Moreover, the acquired experiences and professional skills help me prepare myself to face any future challenges in my life and the next career. I could not have completed my Ph.D. journey at UCLA without the guidance, support, and encouragement of many people. Especially, I would like to thank my advisor, Prof. Hsian-Rong Tseng, for his great mentorship. I will never forget the lessons he taught me throughout the course of my research. His insight, guidance, inspiration, and support not only trained me to become an independent research scientist but also helped me to develop my own strength. Dr. Tseng is not just an advisor but a father figure to me. Just like a father, knowing that I could be better, he always has higher expectations on me. I am particularly grateful to the way he mentors me, which make me to accomplish lots of fruitful results and motivate me to achieve many ambitious goals. I have been fortunate to be surrounding by extremely hardworking, super friendly, and remarkably talented group members in Dr. Tseng's lab. In my first year of graduate training, I was assigned to work with two outstanding postdoc fellows (now are professors in China), Dr.