Liposome nanocapsules of aqueous extract from defatted wheat germ as by-products to enhance stability of biodiesel

Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative to fossil fuels and it's known by its low stability. Natural antioxidants attract researcher interest as safe replacement of the toxic synthetic ones to improve the oxidative stability. The aim of this work is to evaluate the antioxidant activity of natural extracts from wheat industry by products (wheat germ and defatted wheat germ) using low cost, safe and eco-friendly solvents. Loading the more active aqueous extract in liposome nanocapsules to overcome on its solubility problem in lipid then using it to enhance the stability of biodiesel is the novelty of this work. The antioxidant activity of different extracts was measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH• ) and β-carotene-linoleic acid oxidation method (Coupled autoxidation). Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were also determined for the different extracts. The oxidation and storage stability of biodiesel treated with defatted wheat germ aqueous extract loaded in liposome, in comparison with control sample and biodiesel treated with synthetic antioxidant were evaluated using accelerated oven test.Water extracts of wheat germ and defatted wheat germ gave higher bioactive content and higher antioxidant activity than other solvents extracts. Moreover, biodiesel treated with liposome nanocapsules of aqueous extract gave higher stability than both control and samples treated with synthetic antioxidants. These results concluded that natural antioxidants from wheat industry by-products are a promising alternative to synthetic antioxidants and attract attention to more research about using liposome nanocapsulation in improving biodiesel stability.

Characterization of Egyptian Monovarietal Koroneiki Virgin Olive Oil and Its Co-Products

“…extract DPPH • radical scavenging assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity (R.S.A%) in both extracts and oil using methanol or toluene solution of DPPH • (0.0024mg/100mL) according to Ramadan et al [27] as described in our previous work [15].The concentration inhibits 50% of DPPH • (EC50) and the antiradical power (ARP) were also calculated [10].…”

“…Therefore, they are not allowed for food application in many countries and have also been removed from the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) list of compounds. Consequently, natural components are needed to protect consumer health and preserve food products [10][11][12][13]. Both the cultivation of olive trees and the production of olive oil and table olives generate huge amounts of waste, including olive leaves and pomace.…”