Liposomal Glucose Oxidase for Enhanced Photothermal Therapy and Photodynamic Therapy against Breast Tumors

Abstract

Organic near-infrared fluorescent dye mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) suffer from heat shock response, since, heat shock proteins (HSPs) are overexpressed and can repair the proteins damaged by PTT and PDT. Starvation therapy by glucose oxide (GOx) can inhibit the heat shock response by limiting the energy supply. However, the delivery of sufficient and active GOx remains a challenge. To solve this problem, we utilize liposomes as drug carriers and prepare GOx loaded liposome (GOx@Lipo) with a high drug loading content (12.0%) and high enzymatic activity. The successful delivery of GOx shows excellent inhibition of HSPs and enhances PTT and PDT. Additionally, we apply the same liposome formulation to load near-infrared dye 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindotricarbo cyanine iodide (DiR) and prepare DiR contained liposomes (DiR@Lipo) for PTT and PDT. The liposomal formulation substantially enhances the PTT and PDT properties of DiR as well as the cellular uptake and tumor accumulation. Finally, the combination therapy shows excellent tumor inhibition on 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Interestingly, we also find that the starvation therapy can efficiently inhibit tumor metastasis, which is probably due to the immunogenic effect. Our work presents a biocompatible and effective carrier for the combination of starvation therapy and phototherapy, emphasizing the importance of auxiliary starvation therapy against tumor metastasis and offering important guidance for clinical PTT and PDT.

Gene Reprogramming Armed Macrophage Membrane-Camouflaged Nanoplatform Enhances Bionic Targeted Drug Delivery to Solid Tumor for Synergistic Therapy

“…Live/dead cells in each treatment group were stained using the Calcein-AM/PI Double Stain Kit . SGC-7901 or SK-OV-3 cells were first seeded into six-well plates (3.5 × 10 5 /mL).…”

“…Live/dead cells in each treatment group were stained using the Calcein-AM/PI Double Stain Kit. 25 SGC-7901 or SK-OV-3 cells were first seeded into six-well plates (3.5 × 10 5 /mL). When the cells reached 70% confluence, each treatment, DOX@NPs, DOX@ MNPs, or DOX@AMNPs (DOX: 5 μg/mL), was carried out, respectively, according to the operating manual.…”

Multidisciplinary approaches for enzyme biocatalysis in pharmaceuticals: protein engineering, computational biology, and nanoarchitectonics

“…More research examples of nanoarchitectonics for advanced enzyme biocatalysis are described in Table 4. 194–221…”

A supramolecular nanoplatform for imaging-guided phototherapies via hypoxia tumour microenvironment remodeling

“…[27][28][29] Meanwhile, as reported, the therapeutic effect of PTT is limited by the heat resistance of tumour cells induced by heat shock proteins (HSPs). [30][31][32] However, ROS generated in PDT could decrease the heat resistance of HSPs by reducing the production of HSPs. [33][34][35] Therefore, PDT and PTT can complement each other to mutually enhance the antitumour effect.…”