Lipoquinones of some Spore-forming Rods, Lactic-acid Bacteria and Actinomycetes

Hess, Astrid; Holländer, R; Mannheim, W.

doi:10.1099/00221287-115-1-247

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…MK-7 is the major menaquinone component in many gram-positive spore-forming bacteria (6) and was suggested, on the basis of chromatographic evidence only, to be the major menaquinone in C. thermoaceticum (32). The levels of MK-7 (0.4 to 0.5 p.mol/g of protein) in the two clostridia were very similar to those found in Bacillus cereus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus megaterium, and other species of the genus Bacillus (15). As it does in other bacteria (1, 21, 4.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Structure and function of a menaquinone involved in electron transport in membranes of Clostridium thermoautotrophicum and Clostridium thermoaceticum

et al. 1989

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Clostridium thermoaceticum and Clostridium thermoautotrophicum contain the same menaquinone. Its structure, determined by thin-layer chromatography, UV absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was found to be MK-7 (2-methyl-3-heptaprenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone). The menaquinone is located in the cytoplasmic membranes and is involved in redox reactions of two b-type cytochromes present in the clostridia. These reactions were studied with right-side-out membranes prepared from C. thermoautotrophicum by using CO as an electron donor. In intact membranes, both cytochromes were reduced, whereas after inactivation of the menaquinone by exposure of the membranes to UV irradiation, reduction of the low-potential cytochrome (Eo', -200 mV) but not of the high-potential cytochrome (Eo', -48 mV) occurred. The reduction of the high-potential cytochrome in UV-irradiated membranes was restored following the addition of oxidized menaquinone and with an excess of CO. The addition of oxidized menaquinone to reduced membranes resulted initially in a preferential oxidation of the low-potential cytochrome. The results obtained indicate that the menaquinone acts between the two b-type cytochromes in an electron transport chain.Menaquinones are constituents of bacterial cytoplasmic membranes. They play important roles in electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation, active transport, and endospore formation (11,28,29). In addition to these functions, the variations in the inherent structures of menaquinones and their uneven distributions among bacteria are considered important in bacterial taxonomy (6).Clostridium thermoaceticum and Clostridium thermoautotrophicum are homoacetogenic bacteria capable of growing heterotrophically on several sugars, formate, and methanol and autotrophically on 23,30). Under heterotrophic and autotrophic conditions, acetate is totally synthesized from C1 precursors via the recently established acetyl-coenzyme A pathway (23, 31), and both bacteria operate an electron transport process to provide ATP for growth. This is evidenced by (i) the presence of NADH dehydrogenase, CO dehydrogenase, hydrogenase, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in the membranes (16; D. M. Ivey, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Georgia, 1987); (ii) the presence of cytochromes, menaquinone, and ferredoxin in the membranes (10, 13, 16); (iii) the presence in the membranes of an H+-ATPase capable of synthesizing ATP driven by a proton motive force (18); and (iv) the occurrence of electron transport and subsequent generation of a proton motive force in membrane vesicles (17).In this paper we demonstrate that C. thermoaceticum and C. thermoautotrophicum contain a common menaquinone.The chemical characterization of the isolated menaquinone and its role in redox reactions involving the cytochromes of the membranes are reported. MATERIALS AND METHODSOrganisms and growth conditions. C. thermoaceticum ATCC 39073 and C. thermoautotrophicum JW 701/5 were * Corresponding author.grown on glucose ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Structure and function of a menaquinone involved in electron transport in membranes of Clostridium thermoautotrophicum and Clostridium thermoaceticum

et al. 1989

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“…(mainly the B. fragilis group), E. coli, Staphylococcus spp ., Micrococc u s spp., and Bacillus spp. (4,9,14,21). In the present study, the numbers of the B. fragilis group and E. coli in the infants with VKD were higher than those in the healthy infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

The Intestinal Microflora of Infants: Fecal Flora of Infants with Vitamin K Deficiency

Benno

Sawada²,

Mitsuoka

1985

Microbiology and Immunology

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The fecal flora of 10 infants with vitamin K deficiency (VKD) and 10 healthy infants was examined. All the infants were breast-fed. In the infants with VKD, the total counts (P< 0.01) and the numbers of bifidobacteria (P< 0.001) were lower than in the healthy infants, whereas bacteroides, veillonella and enterococci were present in greater numbers in the feces of infants with VKD. The incidence of the Bacteroides fragilis group was higher (P< 0.05) in the infants with VKD than in the healthy infants. A significant reduction (P<0.05) in Bifidobacterium breve was shown in the infants with VKD. The data emphasize the abnormal flora in infants with VKD.

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“…laevus and Sp. racemicus, paralleling those found in B. laevolacticus and B. coagulans, whereas menaquinones were absent in LAB and clostridia (Hess et al, 1979;Collins & Jones 1979, 1981.…”

Section: Taxonomic Approachesmentioning

confidence: 71%

The genus Sporolactobacillus

Doores

2014

Lactic Acid Bacteria

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Lipoquinones of some Spore-forming Rods, Lactic-acid Bacteria and Actinomycetes

Cited by 36 publications

References 4 publications

Structure and function of a menaquinone involved in electron transport in membranes of Clostridium thermoautotrophicum and Clostridium thermoaceticum

Structure and function of a menaquinone involved in electron transport in membranes of Clostridium thermoautotrophicum and Clostridium thermoaceticum

The Intestinal Microflora of Infants: Fecal Flora of Infants with Vitamin K Deficiency

The genus Sporolactobacillus

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