Lipoproteins in pinnipeds: analysis of a high molecular weight form of apolipoprotein E.

Davis, RW; Pierotti, Vincenzo; Lauer, S J; Hubl, ST; McLean, JW; Witztum, J L; Young, SG

doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)41998-4

Cited by 20 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…Yet, this observation was not explained by direct evolutionary differences in genomic sequence of candidate lipid transport genes. Posttranslational protein modifications that alter lipoprotein molecular weight have been previously documented in the Weddell seal 82 and could underlie the potentially unique lipid transport capabilities in this species. Even the harbor seal, which like the Weddell seal carries lipids primarily on an HDL-like particle, did not have a matching fractionation profile, highlighting mechanistic gaps that remain in our knowledge of pinniped physiology, which could be tied to environmental specializations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Antarctic Weddell seal genome reveals evidence of selection on cardiovascular phenotype and lipid handling

et al. 2022

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The Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) thrives in its extreme Antarctic environment. We generated the Weddell seal genome assembly and a high-quality annotation to investigate genome-wide evolutionary pressures that underlie its phenotype and to study genes implicated in hypoxia tolerance and a lipid-based metabolism. Genome-wide analyses included gene family expansion/contraction, positive selection, and diverged sequence (acceleration) compared to other placental mammals, identifying selection in coding and non-coding sequence in five pathways that may shape cardiovascular phenotype. Lipid metabolism as well as hypoxia genes contained more accelerated regions in the Weddell seal compared to genomic background. Top-significant genes were SUMO2 and EP300; both regulate hypoxia inducible factor signaling. Liver expression of four genes with the strongest acceleration signals differ between Weddell seals and a terrestrial mammal, sheep. We also report a high-density lipoprotein-like particle in Weddell seal serum not present in other mammals, including the shallow-diving harbor seal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Antarctic Weddell seal genome reveals evidence of selection on cardiovascular phenotype and lipid handling

et al. 2022

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Phylogenetic distribution of apolipoproteins A‐I and E in vertebrates as determined by Western blot analysis

Duggan

Callard

2001

J. Exp. Zool.

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A putative apolipoprotein E (apoE) has been identified in the HDL and VHDL fractions of the turtle. This observation is of particular interest considering apoE has been reported absent in the domestic hen (Hermier et al., '95; Biochim Biophys Acta: 105-118, 1995) and thus presumed absent in nonmammalian vertebrates altogether. As a result, partial amino acid sequencing of this protein was performed and revealed that one fragment shared 41% sequence identity to human apoE. Western blot analysis using antisera to apoE demonstrated cross-reactivity to a 34-kDa protein (putative apoE) in turtle plasma. Further investigation using anti-apoE antibody in Western blot analysis detected immunoreactive apoE in the plasma of lamprey, spiny dogfish, skate, and alligator, but not in flounder, newt or python; its absence in several species of birds was confirmed. Using anti-apoA-I antibody, apoA-I was detected in all vertebrate groups except a representative teleost (flounder). Apo-A-I antibody cross-reacted weakly with some putative apoE proteins (chicken, spiny dogfish and skate) and the reverse was true for anti-apoE, which cross-reacted with putative apoA-I in birds, reptiles, and elasmobranchs, confirming the molecular similarity and phylogenetic relatedness of these two proteins.

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Serum Retinol, alpha‐tocopherol, and lipids in four species of adult captive pinnipeds

et al. 2003

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The sera of adult aquarium-held pinnipeds from four species (family Phocidae: harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) and gray seals (Halichoerus grypus); family Otariidae: northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)) were analyzed for vitamin A (retinol), vitamin E (atocopherol), total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, and fatty acids. Each subject animal was healthy at the time of blood collection, was fasted for at least 12 hr prior to sampling, and was maintained on a constant diet and supplement regime throughout the study. Retinol values for the four species ranged from 0.16 to 0.92 mg/mL, with the lowest concentrations seen in the harbor seals and the highest in the northern fur seals. Vitamin E values ranged from 10.55 to 43.58 mg/ mL, with northern fur seals showing the highest and gray seals the lowest levels. Vitamin E/lipid ratios (cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, and total lipids) were also examined. A significant correlation was seen between vitamin E and total lipids (Po0.05) and phospholipid (Po0.01). Statistical analysis of the retinol, tocopherol, triglyceride, and phospholipid levels showed significant differences between phocid and otariid seals. Otariids had significantly lower tocopherol and phospholipid values (19.36 mg/mL, 4.29 mg/mL) and the phocids had significantly lower retinol and triglyceride levels (0.29 mg/mL, 124 mg/dL).

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Lipoproteins in pinnipeds: analysis of a high molecular weight form of apolipoprotein E.

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

The Antarctic Weddell seal genome reveals evidence of selection on cardiovascular phenotype and lipid handling

The Antarctic Weddell seal genome reveals evidence of selection on cardiovascular phenotype and lipid handling

Phylogenetic distribution of apolipoproteins A‐I and E in vertebrates as determined by Western blot analysis

Serum Retinol, alpha‐tocopherol, and lipids in four species of adult captive pinnipeds

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