Lipoprotein Structure and Dynamics: Low Density Lipoprotein Viewed as a Highly Dynamic and Flexible Nanoparticle

Ruth, Peter; Laggner, Peter

doi:10.5772/48145

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…A single apoB molecule accounts for approximately 25% while lipids contribute for the remaining 75% of the molecular weight of the LDL particle [ 45 ]. The hydrophobic lipid core consists of cholesterylester and triglyceride molecules, which make up more than 40% of particle mass.…”

Section: Low Density Lipoproteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Low Density Lipoprotein and Lipoprotein-Containing Circulating Immune Complexes as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes Macrovascular Disease

Orekhov

Bobryshev

Sobenin

et al. 2014

IJMS

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In atherosclerosis; blood low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are subjected to multiple enzymatic and non-enzymatic modifications that increase their atherogenicity and induce immunogenicity. Modified LDL are capable of inducing vascular inflammation through activation of innate immunity; thus, contributing to the progression of atherogenesis. The immunogenicity of modified LDL results in induction of self-antibodies specific to a certain type of modified LDL. The antibodies react with modified LDL forming circulating immune complexes. Circulating immune complexes exhibit prominent immunomodulatory properties that influence atherosclerotic inflammation. Compared to freely circulating modified LDL; modified LDL associated with the immune complexes have a more robust atherogenic and proinflammatory potential. Various lipid components of the immune complexes may serve not only as diagnostic but also as essential predictive markers of cardiovascular events in atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence indicates that LDL-containing immune complexes can also serve as biomarker for macrovascular disease in type 1 diabetes.

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Section: Low Density Lipoproteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Low Density Lipoprotein and Lipoprotein-Containing Circulating Immune Complexes as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes Macrovascular Disease

Orekhov

Bobryshev

Sobenin

et al. 2014

IJMS

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“…ApoB-100 is large monomeric protein (4536 amino acid residues) that wraps around the surface of the LDL particle to help stabilize the structure of the protein-lipid assembly (Prassl and Laggner, 2009; Segrest et al, 2001). This is achieved through a series of flexible chains that connect the multiple globular domains of apoB-100, thus enabling the protein to surround the LDL particle in a belt-like manner and adopt different conformations with changes in particle size (Prassl and Laggner, 2012; Segrest et al, 2001). The noncovalent assembly of apoB-100 protein and lipids within LDL allows for fluid and dynamic interactions within the particle enabling it to respond to altered thermodynamic and kinetic conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the structural organization of a novel low-density lipoprotein nanoparticle reconstituted with docosahexaenoic acid

Mulik

Zheng

Pichumani

et al. 2017

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids

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Low-density lipoprotein nanoparticles reconstituted with unesterified docosahexaenoic acid (LDL-DHA) is promising nanomedicine with enhanced physicochemical stability and selective anticancer cytotoxic activity. The unique functionality of LDL-DHA ultimately relates to the structure of this nanoparticle. To date, however, little is known about the structural organization of this nanoparticle. In this study chemical, spectroscopic and electron microscopy analyses were undertaken to elucidate the structural and molecular organization of LDL-DHA nanoparticles. Unesterified DHA preferentially incorporates into the outer surface layer of LDL, where in this orientation the anionic carboxyl end of DHA is exposed to the LDL surface and imparts an electronegative charge to the nanoparticles surface. This negative surface charge promotes the monodisperse and homogeneous distribution of LDL-DHA nanoparticles in solution. Further structural analyses with cryo-electron microscopy revealed that the LDL-DHA nanostructure consist of a phospholipid bilayer surrounding an aqueous core, which is distinctly different from the phospholipid monolayer/apolar core organization of plasma LDL. Lastly, apolipoprotein B-100 remains strongly associated with this complex and maintains a discrete size and shape of the LDL-DHA nanoparticles similar to plasma LDL. This preliminary structural assessment of LDL-DHA now affords the opportunity to understand the important structure-function relationships of this novel nanoparticle.

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“…The regions with elevated LDL have low shear stress, suggesting a link between accumulation of LDL and flow dynamic parameters. According to Fry's [8] assumption, increase in wall shear stress (WSS) damages the arterial wall. Now, this is accepted; the regions with low and oscillatory shear stresses help in the atherosclerosis geneses.…”

Section: Low Density Lipoprotein (Ldl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational modeling of geometry effects on the IDL surface concentration in the presence of non-uniform magnetic field – links to atherosclerosis

Aminfar

Mohammadpourfard

Khajeh

2016

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

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Lipoprotein Structure and Dynamics: Low Density Lipoprotein Viewed as a Highly Dynamic and Flexible Nanoparticle

Cited by 11 publications

References 76 publications

Modified Low Density Lipoprotein and Lipoprotein-Containing Circulating Immune Complexes as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes Macrovascular Disease

Modified Low Density Lipoprotein and Lipoprotein-Containing Circulating Immune Complexes as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes Macrovascular Disease

Elucidating the structural organization of a novel low-density lipoprotein nanoparticle reconstituted with docosahexaenoic acid

Computational modeling of geometry effects on the IDL surface concentration in the presence of non-uniform magnetic field – links to atherosclerosis

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