Lipoprotein-cholesterol distributions in selected North American populations: the lipid research clinics program prevalence study.

Heiss, Gerardo; Tamir, I; Davis, C. E.; Tyroler, H. A.; Rifkand, B. M.; Schonfeld, Gustav; Jacobs, David R.; Frantz, Ivan D.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.61.2.302

Cited by 492 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

141

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar trends were reported among white participants in the Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. 11 More recently, in the Rochester Family Heart Study with 99% white participants, similar trends were reported in men (no increase with age) and women (linear increase with age), although lower median levels for both men and women were observed. 31 In the ARIC Study, among black participants similar triglyceride levels were observed between men and women after the age of 51 years.…”

Section: Association With Menopausal Status and Hormone Replacement Tsupporting

confidence: 53%

Plasma lipid, lipoprotein cholesterol, and apoprotein distributions in selected US communities. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Brown

Hutchinson

Morrisett

et al. 1993

Arterioscler Thromb

Self Cite

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The distributions of plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apoproteins of 14 524 female and male black and white participants 45 to 64 years old in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study are presented. All specimens were analyzed at a central laboratory. Mean total cholesterol levels increased with increasing age across all ages from 204 to 229 mg/dL (12%) in women and from 208 to 213 mg/dL (2%) in men. Triglyceride levels increased with age in women, remained stable in men, and were higher in whites than blacks. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were higher in black and white women (range, 57 to 59 mg/dL) compared with black men (49 to 52 mg/dL) or white men (42 to 43 mg/dL). Cholesterol associated with HDL was distributed in a relatively constant proportion between HDL] (70% to 76%) and HDL 2 (24% to 30%) for all race/sex groups. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels increased with age in black (14.7%) and white (17.1%) women and in black (4.4%) and white (3.7%) men; more than 50% of all participants had LDL cholesterol levels > 130 mg/dL. Apoprotein A-I and B levels followed the same trends as HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, respectively. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)J levels were twice as high in blacks as in whites, and women's Lp(a) levels were higher than men's Lp(a) levels for each race. Menopause was associated with elevated total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apoprotein B, and Lp(a) levels, and hormone replacement medication use in postmenopausal subjects was associated with higher HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and apoprotein A-I levels and lower LDL cholesterol, apoprotein B, and Lp(a) levels. (Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 1993;13:1139-1158) KEYWORDS • epidemiology • sex • lipoproteins • race C ardiovascular diseases are currently the leading causes of death and disability in both women and men in the United States. 12 Epidemiological evidence from more than 40 prospective studies has shown strong independent relations between various classes of cholesterol-containing particles in the plasma and the incidence of coronary heart disease.310 These data, plus additional evidence from animal and cellular research, leave little doubt that plasma lipids, especially cholesterol, are fundamentally involved in the atherogenic process.The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study is a prospective epidemiological study to investigate the etiology of atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae and variation in cardiovascular risk factors, medical care, and disease by race, sex, geographical community, and time. 11The ARIC Study was designed to recruit 4000 black and white representative individuals between the ages of 45 and 64 in each of four communities. Thus, the ARIC Study provides an opportunity for examining lipid and lipoprotein levels among men, women, blacks, and whites. The last study detailing plasma lipid and lipoprotein distributions among several US communities was performed by the Lipid Research Clinics Program.8 ' 911 At the same time, the National ...

show abstract

Section: Association With Menopausal Status and Hormone Replacement Tsupporting

confidence: 53%

Plasma lipid, lipoprotein cholesterol, and apoprotein distributions in selected US communities. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Brown

Hutchinson

Morrisett

et al. 1993

Arterioscler Thromb

Self Cite

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…17 Hypercholesterolemia was defined as a plasma cholesterol concentration exceeding the 95th percentile for the patient's age and sex. In the LRC study, the distributions of fasting cholesterol tended to be only slightly skewed to the right.…”

Section: Definition Of Hyperlipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism in primary hypertriglyceridemia.

Beil¹,

Grundy²,

Crouse³

et al. 1982

Arteriosclerosis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To determine mechanisms of elevated plasma trlglycerldes (TG) in patients with primary hypertrlglyceridemlas, simultaneous studies were carried out on kinetics of very low density llpoproteln-triglycerides (VLDL-TG) and synthesis of cholesterol and bile acids. Sixteen hypertrlglyceridemlc patients with familial combined hyperllpldemla (FCHL) and 12 patients with poorly classified, primary hypertriglyceridemia were studied, and their results were compared to a series of normal and obese subjects previously studied In our laboratory. The mean value for transport (synthesis) of VLDL-TG in patients with FCHL was about twice normal. Although the upper normal synthesis rates overlapped with transport rates of some patients with FCHL, It appeared that the major cause of hypertriglyceridemia in FCHL was an elevated production of VLDL-TG. However, the height of the plasma TG in FCHL patients also was influenced by Individual clearance capacities for VLDL-TG, and fractional clearance rates In several seemed particularly low. Synthesis rates for cholesterol and/or bile acids were high In several patients with FCHL, suggesting simultaneous overproduction of VLDL-TG and sterols; however, Increased synthesis of both was not observed In all the patients. Most patients with poorly classified hypertriglyceridemia had overproduction of VLDL-TG, but an apparent reduction in clearance was common. In these patients, Increased synthesis of cholesterol and bile acids was Infrequent. Our results indicate that abnormally high production of VLDL-TG seemed to be the major factor In causing primary hypertriglyceridemia, but that clearance capacity can play an important role In determining the severity of the TG elevation. (Arteriosclerosis 2:44-57, January/February 1982)

show abstract

“…Indirect evidence for this concept is provided by the higher triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels in men than in women. 1 More direct evidence for the role of sex hormones as determinants of cardiovascular risk factors is provided by studies showing that exogenous androgen administration increases LDLC and decreases HDLC. 23 Conversely, administration of estrogens to postmenopausal women with familial hypercholesterolemia is associated with decreased LDLC and increased HDLC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of decreased sex hormone binding globulin and cardiovascular risk factors.

et al. 1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sex hormones play a major role in determining the risk of cardiovascular disease. While earlier studies have shown that reduced sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) Is associated with increased glucose and Insulin concentrations in premenopausal women, few data exist on the relationship of SHBG to other cardiovascular risk factors in women. We hypothesized that decreased SHBG would be associated with an atherogenlc pattern of cardiovascular risk factors. We measured total testosterone, total estradlol and SHBG, llplds and lipoproteins, glucose and insulin, and systolic and dlastolic blood pressure In 96 premenopausal women. Although total testosterone and total estradiol were not related to cardiovascular risk factors, SHBG was negatively associated with trlglycerlde concentration (r=-0.37) and positively associated with high density llpoproteln cholesterol (HDLC) (r=0.42). After adjustment for overall adiposity (body mass index) and upper body adiposity (as measured by the ratio of waist-to-hlp circumferences), SHBG was still positively related to HDLC, but not to trlglycerlde. Adjustment for Insulin abolished the relationship between SHBG and triglyceride levels, but did not alter the relationship between SHBG and HDLC. Sex hormones were not related to either systolic or dlastolic blood pressure. (Arteriosclerosis 9:136-143, January/February 1989) S ex hormones play a major role in determining the risk of cardiovascular disease. Indirect evidence for this concept is provided by the higher triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels in men than in women.1 More direct evidence for the role of sex hormones as determinants of cardiovascular risk factors is provided by studies showing that exogenous androgen administration increases LDLC and decreases HDLC. 23 Conversely, administration of estrogens to postmenopausal women with familial hypercholesterolemia is associated with decreased LDLC and increased HDLC. 4 Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) may also be an important predictor of lipids and lipoproteins, since it is the major determinant of the ratio of free to bound plasma testosterone and other androgens. 5 Although decreased SHBG and increased percent free testosterone have been associated with increased glycemia and insulinemia in premenopausal women, 67 few data exist on the relationship of endogenous sex hormones and SHBG to lipids and lipoproteins. Studies to date suggest that SHBG is positively associated with HDLC in both premenopausal 8 and postmenopausal 9 women.

show abstract

Lipoprotein-cholesterol distributions in selected North American populations: the lipid research clinics program prevalence study.

Cited by 492 publications

References 38 publications

Plasma lipid, lipoprotein cholesterol, and apoprotein distributions in selected US communities. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Plasma lipid, lipoprotein cholesterol, and apoprotein distributions in selected US communities. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism in primary hypertriglyceridemia.

Association of decreased sex hormone binding globulin and cardiovascular risk factors.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About