Lipoprotein(a) in Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an LDL-like molecule consisting of an apolipoprotein B-100 (apo(B-100)) particle attached by a disulphide bridge to apo(a). Many observations have pointed out that Lp(a) levels may be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Lp(a) inhibits the activation of transforming growth factor (TGF) and contributes to the growth of arterial atherosclerotic lesions by promoting the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and the migration of smooth muscle cells to endothelial cells. Moreover Lp(a) inhibits plasminogen binding to the surfaces of endothelial cells and decreases the activity of fibrin-dependent tissue-type plasminogen activator. Lp(a) may act as a proinflammatory mediator that augments the lesion formation in atherosclerotic plaques. Elevated serum Lp(a) is an independent predictor of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Furthermore, Lp(a) levels should be a marker of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, saphenous vein bypass graft atherosclerosis, and accelerated coronary atherosclerosis of cardiac transplantation. Finally, the possibility that Lp(a) may be a risk factor for ischemic stroke has been assessed in several studies. Recent findings suggest that Lp(a)-lowering therapy might be beneficial in patients with high Lp(a) levels. A future therapeutic approach could include apheresis in high-risk patients in order to reduce major coronary events.

Correlation Analysis of Relative Expression of Apob, Adfp and Fatp1 with Lipid Metabolism in Daweishan Mini Chickens

“…The relative expression of the FATP1 gene in the liver was significantly correlated with subcutaneous fat thickness (p<0.05). This indicates that FATP1 gene expression (Malaguarnera et al, 2013), but it isalso the main structural component of triglycerides (TG) secreted by liver (LDL) and present in the intestinal lumen (chylomicron) (Davidson et al, 2000;Fisher et al, 2002;Hussain et al, 2005;Shelness et al, 2005). ApoB is a glycoprotein that contains 4536 amino acid residues in chickens (Davis et al, 2001), and plays an important role in lipid metabolism.…”

Identification of genetic variants of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase in individuals with high HDL-C levels

“…Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary cause of mortality worldwide (1). The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, particularly low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, was high (32%) in participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) (2).…”

Metabolomics in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy patients by liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

“…NAION is an ischemic optic neuropathy which requires a new different focus on plasma profile in order to extend knowledge of its pathophysiology and identify potential biomarkers. Tandem mass spectrometry, such as hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF), coupled to liquid chromatography (LC), clearly represents a potential component for biomarker identification, and provides the best choice for the first approach to the problem under consideration (Ciborowski et al 2010;Malaguarnera et al 2013). In conjunction with LC-QTOF, the ionization compounds may be obtained using different types of sources, such as electrospray ionization (ESI).…”