Lipoprofiling Assessed by NMR Spectroscopy in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes: Is There a Need for Fasting Prior to Sampling?

Abstract

Most patients presenting in an emergency unit with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) (which include non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), ST-elevation MI (STEMI), and unstable angina) usually meet at least two cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity, history of or current smoking, etc. Most ACS patients suffer from a type of dyslipidemia, and in addition to this there are ACS patients rushed into the emergency units for which the feeding status is unknown. Thus, we set out to evaluate the effect of fasting on 16 blood metabolite concentrations and 114 lipoprotein parameters on one control group and a group of statin-treated ACS patients hospitalized in a cardiovascular emergency unit, using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results indicated trends (in terms of number of cases, but not necessarily in terms of the magnitude of the effect) for as many as four metabolites and 48 lipoproteins. The effect was defined as a trend for results showing over 70% of the cases from either one or both groups that experienced parameter changes in the same direction (i.e., either increased or decreased). In terms of magnitude, the effect is rather low, leading to the overall conclusion that in cardiovascular (CV) emergency units, the blood samples analyzed in any feeding status would provide close results and very valuable information regarding prognosis and for fast decisions on patient’s proper management.

Rapid and Self-Administrable Capillary Blood Microsampling Demonstrates Statistical Equivalence with Standard Venous Collections in NMR-Based Lipoprotein Analysis

“…The former refer to small, high-density parameters within their respective lipoprotein subfractions that are not commonly employed in standard clinical assessments. Recent studies have identified differences in some of these parameters in conditions such as SARS-CoV-2 infection, , type 2 diabetes mellitus, diet, and the postprandial response . However, only venous collections were utilized, limiting direct comparability to the present findings.…”

Chewing the fat: How lipidomics is changing our understanding of human health and disease in 2022

“…Due to the elevated risk of mortality with these diseases, there is a need for strategies in its identification, prevention, and treatment within healthcare. In 2022, as evidenced in Figure 5, the bulk of research articles focussed on related diseases: CVD, 232–255 diabetes, 166,233,249,250,256–278 liver disease, 51,279–293 MetS 277,294,295 and obesity 277,295–305 …”

“…Bibliometric analyses of clinical lipidomics publications in 2022 according to separation techniques, detectors, and RPLC columns used …”

“…Bibliometric analyses of clinical lipidomics publications in 2022 using Scopus search terms “lipidomics” AND “clinic*” on 15 th December 2022 …”

Association of Advanced Lipoprotein Subpopulation Profiles with Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…In the past decades, several analytical assays have been developed to separate plasma lipoproteins based on particles composition, number, and size [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. With the development of new assays using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, several studies focused on the relationship between lipoprotein subfractions and cardiovascular outcomes [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”