Lipopolysaccharides: From immunostimulation to autoimmunity

Louis, Jacques; Lambert, Paul‐Henri

doi:10.1007/bf01891670

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 70 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The reduced white blood cell and platelet counts in CC pigs is due to LPS induced autoimmunity and suggests an increased incidence or severity of infection [29, 30]. Platelets play a crucial role in blood clotting and as the first responders to sites of vascular injury or pathogen invasion, platelets play multiple roles in the modulation of both innate and adaptive immunity thereby boosting host defense against infection [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term effect of supplemental yeast extract without or with feed enzymes on growth performance, immune status and gut structure of weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

Waititu

Yin

Patterson

et al. 2016

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThis study investigated the response of piglets receiving a yeast extract without or with a multi-enzyme mixture compared with an antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP) on performance, immune status and gut structure after an E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Thirty-six pigs were allotted to six treatments including: a non-challenged control (NCC); LPS-challenged control (CC); CC + AGP; CC + yeast extract; CC + enzymes; and CC + enzymes + yeast extract. On d 7, pigs were bled and thereafter injected with LPS or sterile saline. Blood samples were collected at 6, 48, and 96 h post-challenge. After 96 h post-challenge, pigs were euthanized to obtain duodenal, jejunal and ileal samples.ResultsOverall (d 1 to 11), compared with CC pigs, AGP attenuated the LPS-induced reduction in ADG (P = 0.004), ADFI (P = 0.03) and gain/feed ratio (P = 0.01). At 6 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower plasma urea N (PUN; P = 0.02) and serum TNF- α concentration (P = 0.07), and higher platelet count (P = 0.04) and serum IL-10 concentration (P = 0.02) than CC pigs. At 48 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower PUN (P = 0.02) than CC pigs, whereas enzymes + yeast extract interacted non-additively (P = 0.001) to reduce PUN. At 96 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower PUN (P = 0.02) and higher duodenal (P = 0.03), jejunal (P = 0.01) and ileal (P = 0.07) villus height than CC pigs. In addition, enzymes + yeast extract interacted additively and non-additively to reduce ileal IFN-γ (P < 0.0001) and IL-10 (P = 0.012) expression, respectively. Generally, no differences (P > 0.10) were observed between AGP and enzymes + yeast extract pigs on other measured parameters except for the downregulation of ileal IFN-γ (P < 0.0001) and TNF-α (P = 0.003) in enzymes + yeast extract pigs at 96 h post-challenge.ConclusionsThe LPS challenged piglets receiving enzymes + yeast extract showed beneficial responses in gut structure and immunity commensurate with those receiving antibiotics, though the latter had better overall growth performance.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term effect of supplemental yeast extract without or with feed enzymes on growth performance, immune status and gut structure of weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

Waititu

Yin

Patterson

et al. 2016

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In human and murine lupus erythematosus, spontaneous polyclonal R cell activation is a major feature [29]. Agents such as lipopolysaccharide [5] and Trypanosoma brucei 141 induce the formation of autoantibodies in mice and could be responsible for some autoimmune manifestations. There is also good evidence that some drugs, i.e., a-methyl-DOPA (301 and procainamide [31] are responsible for autoimmune disorders in man, acting primarily on immunocompetent cells, resulting in polyclonal activation and production of autoantibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyclonal effect of HgCl₂ in the rat, its possible role in an experimental autoimmune disease

Couderc²,

et al. 1982

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mercuric chloride induces an autoimmune glomerulonephritis in Brown-Norway (BN) but not in Lewis (LEW) rats. Injection of HGCl2 into BN rats regularly produced a transient appearance of plaque-forming cells (PFC) of anti-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl and anti-sheep red blood cell specificity and circulating anti-single-stranded DNA antibodies. Addition of HgCl2 to spleen cell cultures from BN rats induced an increase in anti-trinitrophenyl PFC and reverse PFC. This effect was no longer observed when nylon wool column-depleted or anti-Thy-1 antiserum-treated spleen cells were cultured in the presence of HgCl1. These data suggest that HgCl2 acts as a polyclonal activator on spleen cells in BN rats, but not on isolated B lymphocytes. In contrast, no effect of HgCl2 on immunoglobulin production was observed in LEW rats. Since polyclonal activation and immune-type nephritis are both seen in BN but not in LEW rats, polyclonal activation may participate in the pathogenesis of the HgCl2-induced autoimmune disease of BN rats.

show abstract

“…Differentiation, on the other hand, appears to be a preprogrammed consequence of all B cell activation. It follows from this model that a humoral immune response induced by LPS or other polyclonal B cell activators that can bypass the specific TH signal only involves significant clonal expansion when antigen (e.g., autoantigen [43]) and BHF are available. Responses against certain T-independent antigens (44)--or perhaps all such antigens--depend also on BHF for clonal expansion.…”

Section: Effects Of Bhf Derived From Long-term T Cell Clones Two Difmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirement for three signals in "T-independent" (lipopolysaccharide-induced) as well as in T-dependent B cell responses.

Zubler¹,

Glasebrook²

1982

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has recently been reported (1-3) that at least three different activation signals are required by resting B lymphocytes to generate clones of antibody-secreting cells during a T helper cell (Tn)Ldependent humoral immune response: one signal is generated when B cells "see" antigen, another one when the TH recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (I region) determinants on the B cell. These two early signals are apparently required to render the B cell responsive to a third signal provided by T cell-derived nonspecific helper factor(s) for B cell responses (BHF). Thus, TH provide two different types of B cell activation signals, one MHC-carrierspecific and one nonspecific (1-6). But it is still not clear whether an antigen (hapten)-B cell interaction generates by itself an activation signal or serves only to focus haptenlinked carrier determinants (and thus T help) onto the B cell (4, 7). In addition, it is not clear at the present time whether different factors (interleukins) are involved in B cell proliferation vs. differentiation (8-15) and whether the MHC-carrier-specific Tnsignal can be mediated by soluble T cell products (16-18). There is still conflicting evidence concerning the capacity of combinations of interleukins, e.g., concanavalin A (Con A) supernatants or secondary mixed leukocyte culture supernatants (MLC SN), to entirely substitute for Tn in T cell-depleted B cell cultures (8-15, 19, 20).If there is a requirement for at [east three signals in Tn-dependent B cell responses, one may also have to reconsider the hypothesis that a mitogen such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can bypass all three signals and by itself induce a full B cell response (3,21). Different authors have to some extent observed synergistic effects between LPS and antigen (22, 23) or T help (24, 25) or both (26) but not a strict requirement for three signals. A major problem in the study of B cell activation, in particular concerning the role of LPS or the capacity of BHF to act as T-replacing factor, resides in the fact that B cell populations used for such studies still contain T cells that can themselves provide signals, especially in high density cultures.

show abstract

Lipopolysaccharides: From immunostimulation to autoimmunity

Cited by 21 publications

References 70 publications

Short-term effect of supplemental yeast extract without or with feed enzymes on growth performance, immune status and gut structure of weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

Short-term effect of supplemental yeast extract without or with feed enzymes on growth performance, immune status and gut structure of weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

Polyclonal effect of HgCl₂ in the rat, its possible role in an experimental autoimmune disease

Requirement for three signals in "T-independent" (lipopolysaccharide-induced) as well as in T-dependent B cell responses.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Lipopolysaccharides: From immunostimulation to autoimmunity

Cited by 21 publications

References 70 publications

Short-term effect of supplemental yeast extract without or with feed enzymes on growth performance, immune status and gut structure of weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

Short-term effect of supplemental yeast extract without or with feed enzymes on growth performance, immune status and gut structure of weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

Polyclonal effect of HgCl2 in the rat, its possible role in an experimental autoimmune disease

Requirement for three signals in "T-independent" (lipopolysaccharide-induced) as well as in T-dependent B cell responses.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Polyclonal effect of HgCl₂ in the rat, its possible role in an experimental autoimmune disease