Lipopolysaccharide-affinity copolymer senses the rapid motility of swarmer bacteria to trigger antimicrobial drug release

Abstract

An intelligent drug release system that is triggered into action upon sensing the motion of swarmer P. mirabilis is introduced. The rational design of the drug release system focuses on a pNIPAAm-co-pAEMA copolymer that prevents drug leakage in a tobramycin-loaded mesoporous silica particle by covering its surface via electrostatic attraction. The copolymer chains are also conjugated to peptide ligands YVLWKRKRKFCFI-NH2 that display affinity to Gram-negative bacteria. When swarmer P. mirabilis cells approach and come in contact with the particle, the copolymer-YVLWKRKRKFCFI-NH2 binds to the lipopolysaccharides on the outer membrane of motile P. mirabilis and are stripped off the particle surface when the cells move away; hence releasing tobramycin into the swarmer colony and inhibiting its expansion. The release mechanism is termed Motion-Induced Mechanical Stripping (MIMS). For swarmer B. subtilis, the removal of copolymers from particle surfaces via MIMS is not apparent due to poor adherence between bacteria and copolymer-YVLWKRKRKFCFI-NH2 system.

Bioinspired Mineral–Organic Bone Adhesives for Stable Fracture Fixation and Accelerated Bone Regeneration

“…In addition to being effective for stable fracture fixation and accelerated bone regeneration, it would be ideal for SF@TA@HA to also satisfy the clinical necessity of being resistant to infection. The antibacterial activity of SF@TA@HA was evaluated by selecting E. coli (gram negative) and S. aureus (gram positive) as model microorganisms . After incubation with SF@TA@HA, the resulting bacterial suspensions were used to seed agar plates and then cultured for 24 h. The colony number of the SF@TA@HA group was significantly smaller than that of the control group, suggesting that the bacterial growth was significantly inhibited by SF@TA@HA (Figure S11, Supporting Information).…”

Recent Advances and Future Prospects on Adaptive Biomaterials for Antimicrobial Applications

“…For example, a short peptide ligand that targets the bacterial lipopolysaccharides was conjugated to a copolymer, which was coated on the surface of a tobramycin‐loaded mesoporous silica particle to prevent premature drug leakage. The floating Proteus mirabilis bacteria are able to approach and strip off the protecting polymers from the surface of nanoparticles, thus relieving the loaded antibiotics …”

Single-particle tracking of the formation of a pseudoequilibrium state prior to charged microgel cluster formation at interfaces

“…WFM was previously used to study polymer physics (e.g., crystallization of single polymeric chains in thin layers) 54 , dynamics of single swarming bacteria 55 and catalysis 56 . WFM has also been utilized to understand, at the bulk level, materials-related phenomena, such as hole nucleation and growth in polymer blend films 57 , the coffee ring effect 58 , and drugrelease dynamics from antibiotic carriers to tackle bacterial infection 59 . In this study, WFM demonstrates that at the microscopic level, the air-water interface of an aqueous pendant drop has nonuniform principal curvatures that not only confer superdiffusive motion to single likecharged particles but also transport them closer together at a common area on the interface.…”