Lipophilic salts as membrane additives and their influence on the properties of macro- and micro-electrodes based on neutral carriers

Ammann, D.; Pretsch, Ernö; Simon, W.; Lindner, Ernő; Bezegh, Andras.; Püngor, E.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(00)84189-6

Cited by 413 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It is known that lipophilic salt not only reduces the membrane resistance 15,16 and improve the response behavior and selectivity 17,18 but also, in cases where the extraction capability of the ionophore is poor, enhances the sensitivity of the…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver(I)-selective Coated-wire Electrode Based on an Octahydroxycalix[4]arene Derivative

et al. 2003

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Potentiometric types of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have been developed for transition metals as well as alkali and alkaline earth metals, 1,2 and applied to clinical and industrial measurements. Potentiometric detection based on ion-selective electrode as a simple method offers several advantages, such as speed, ease of preparation, procedure, simple instrumentation, relatively fast response, wide dynamic ranges, selectivity, and low cost.Recently, a group of acyclic oligoether, polythiacrown ethers and acyclic polythia compounds have been used as ionophores for Ag + measurements. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Recently, Chen et al. 9 used benzothiazolyl calix [4]arene to construct an ion-selective electrode for the Ag + ion. However, the limit of detection of the method is higher than that of the proposed method. In addition, the calix[4]arene method suffers from many interfering ions, such as Zn 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Pb 2+ . Octahydroxycalix [4]arene is a cyclic oligomer of 1,3

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver(I)-selective Coated-wire Electrode Based on an Octahydroxycalix[4]arene Derivative

et al. 2003

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“…[31][32][33][34][35][36] Thus, the influences of membrane compositions on the potential responses of the Ag + sensor were studied, and the results are given in Table 2.…”

Section: Effect Of Membrane Composition On the Potential Response Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that the presence of lipophilic anions in cation-selective membranes based on neutral carrier not only diminishes the ohmic resistance and enhances the response behavior and selectivity but also, in cases where the extraction capability is poor, increases the sensitivity of the membrane electrodes. 35,36 However, the membrane with the composition of 30% PVC, 5% MTHB, 2% NaTPB, and 63% DBP displays a very nice Nernstian behavior. …”

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confidence: 99%

Ion recognition: synthesis of 2-methyl-2,4-di (2-thienyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine and its application in construction of a highly selective and sensitive Ag+ membrane sensors

Ganjali¹,

Norouzi²,

Alizadeh³

et al. 2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Uma membrana carregadora plastificada foi preparada a partir de 2-metil-2,4-di(2-tienil)-2,3-diidro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepina (MTHB). Esta membrana é altamente sensível e seletiva a íons Ag + . O sensor mostra um intervalo dinâmico linear de 1,0 × 10 -6 -1,0 × 10 -1 mol L -1 , com inclinação Nernstiniana de (58,5±0,3) mV per década, e limite de detecção 5,0 × 10 -7 mol L -1 (~54 ppb). Apresenta rápido tempo de resposta, 10s, e pode ser usado por 8 semanas no mínimo, sem alterações consideráveis no seu potencial. O sensor proposto pode ser usado no intervalo de pH entre 4,0 e 8,0 e foi utilizado com sucesso, como eletrodo indicador, na titulação potenciométrica de Ag + com NaCl.A highly selective and sensitive plasticized membrane sensor for Ag + ions based on 2-methyl-2,4-di(2-thienyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine (MTHB) as membrane carrier was prepared. The sensor shows a linear dynamic range of 1.0 × 10 -6 -1.0 × 10 -1 mol L -1 , with a Nernstian slope of (58.5±0.3) mV decade -1 , and a detection limit of 5.0 × 10 -7 mol L -1 (~54 ppb). It has a fast response time of 10 s and can be used for at least eight weeks without any considerable divergences in its potentials. The proposed sensor revealed very good selectivities with respect to the most of common metal ions. The proposed sensor could be used in a pH range of 4.0-8.0. It was successfully used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of Ag + with NaCl.Keywords: potentiometric sensor, Ag + sensor, PVC membrane, 2-methyl-2,4-di(2-thienyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine (MTHB) IntroductionSilver plays no known natural biological role in humans, and possible health effects of silver are subject of dispute. Silver itself is not toxic but most of its salts are, and some may be carcinogenic. The toxicity of silver is characterized by a severe pulmonary edema, hemorrhage and necrosis of bone marrow, liver, and kidney. Long-term human exposure to silver salts or colloidal silver may cause argyria. Repeated exposure of animals to silver may produce anemia, cardiac enlargement, growth retardation and degenerative changes in the liver. Silver compounds were used successfully to prevent infection in World War I before the advent of antibiotics, and Silver compounds are still widely used externally today to accelerate healing in burn victims. Very low concentrations of silver are present in various complex samples like drinking water (5 μg L -1 , soil, rock, coal fly ash, air, cigarettes, alloys, plants, sea water etcetera). 1,2 Some techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy, 3 inductively coupled plasma, 4 spectroscopy with complexation agents 5 and Rayleigh light-scattering 6 have been used to determine amount of silver.Because of the increasing use of silver compounds in industry and medicine the quick determination of trace quantities of Ag + ion by simple methods is important in chemical, clinical and environmental analysis.Potentiometer monitoring based on ion-selective membrane sensor, as a simple method, offers several advantages such a...

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“…[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] We investigated the influences of membrane compositions on the potential responses of the Cu(II) sensor. The results are summarized in Table 2.…”

Section: Effect Of Membrane Composition On the Potential Response Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that the presence of lipophilic anions in a cation-selective membranes based on neutral carrier not only diminishes the ohmic resistance and enhances the response behavior and selectivity but also, in cases where the extraction capability is poor, increases the sensitivity of the membrane electrodes. [40][41][42][43][44] However, the membranes with the composition of 30% PVC, 2% AMTOT, 4.5% NaTPB, and 63.5% NPOE show a Nernstian potential response. …”

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confidence: 99%

Synthesis of 4-amino-6-methyl-1,2,4-triazin-5-one-3-thione and its application in construction of a highly copper(II) ion-selective electrochemical sensor

Zamani¹,

Rajabzadeh²,

Firouz³

et al. 2005

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Um sensor altamente seletivo para Cu(II) usando 4-amino-6-metil-1,2,4-triazina-5-ona-3-tiona (AMTOT) como material seletivo, foi desenvolvido utilizando uma membrana de PVC. O eletrodo exibe um intervalo dinâmico linear entre 1,0×10 -1 e 1,0×10 -6 mol L -1 , com resposta Nernsteniana de 29,3 ± 0,6 mV por década e um limite de detecção de 6,2×10 -7 mol L -1 . A resposta do eletrodo é independente do pH, no intervalo entre 2,5 e 7,0. O sensor possui a vantagem de apresentar um tempo de condicionamento pequeno, uma rápida velocidade de resposta (< 20 s) e especialmente, uma boa seletividade frente a metais pesados e de transição, e a alguns cátions mono, di e trivalentes. O eletrodo pode ser usado por até 9 semanas sem consideráveis divergências de potencial. O eletrodo proposto foi aplicado com sucesso na determinação de cobre em águas de descarte, oriundas de plantas eletroquímicas de cobre e como eletrodo indicador na titulação potenciométrica de íons Ca(II) com EDTA.A highly Cu(II) ion-selective PVC membrane sensor based on 4-Amino-6-methyl-1,2,4-triazin-5-one-3-thione (AMTOT) as an excellent sensing material was developed. The electrode exhibits a linear dynamic range between 1.0×10 -1 and 1.0×10 -6 mol L -1 , with a near Nernstian slope of 29.3 ± 0.6 mV per decade and a detection limit of 6.2×10 -7 mol L -1 . The sensor response is independent of the pH of the solution in the pH range of 2.5 -7.0. The sensor possesses the advantages of short conditioning time, fast response time (<20 s), and especially, very good selectivity towards transition and heavy metal, and some mono, di and trivalent cations. The electrode can be used for at least 9 weeks without any considerable divergence in the potentials. The proposed electrode was successfully applied to the determination of copper in wastewater of copper electroplating samples and as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of Ca(II) ions with EDTA.Keywords: potentiometry, copper sensor, PVC membrane, 4-amino-6-methyl-1,2,4-triazin-5-one-3-thione IntroductionDuring the last decade, there has been a renewed resurgence in developing potentiometric membrane electrodes as devices for rapid, accurate, low cost and non destructive analysis of different samples with small volume samples.Due to the necessary need for selective copper measurements in many copmplex biological systems, 1,2 geochemical, 3 environmental, medicinal and industrial samples, 4 the search for new selective and sensitive PVCmembrane electrodes for its quick measurement is still a challenging goal. We have recently reported a number of highly selective and sensitive membrane sensors for various metal ions. [23][24][25] In this paper, we wish to introduce a highly copper(II)-selective sensor based on 4-Amino-6-methyl-1,2,4-triazin-5-one-3-thione (AMTOT), as a novel neutral ionophore for monitoring of copper in industrial samples (Figure 1). Experimental ReagentsReagent grade 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl acetate (BA), nitrobenzene (NB), sodium tetraphen...

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Lipophilic salts as membrane additives and their influence on the properties of macro- and micro-electrodes based on neutral carriers

Cited by 413 publications

References 13 publications

Silver(I)-selective Coated-wire Electrode Based on an Octahydroxycalix[4]arene Derivative

Silver(I)-selective Coated-wire Electrode Based on an Octahydroxycalix[4]arene Derivative

Ion recognition: synthesis of 2-methyl-2,4-di (2-thienyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine and its application in construction of a highly selective and sensitive Ag+ membrane sensors

Synthesis of 4-amino-6-methyl-1,2,4-triazin-5-one-3-thione and its application in construction of a highly copper(II) ion-selective electrochemical sensor

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