Lipometabolism and Glycometabolism in Liver Diseases

Ding, Haoran; Wang, Jinglin; Ren, Haozhen; Shi, Xiaolei

doi:10.1155/2018/1287127

Cited by 55 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Therefore, suffering from diseases may cause the liver to have a strong effect on the levels of acylcarnitines [ 99 ]. At different stages of liver disease, hepatocytes are stimulated by different risk factors, and the demand for glucose and lipids is not the same [ 100 , 101 ]. As a result, the disorder of acylcarnitine metabolism is also related to the stage of liver disease.…”

Section: Alteration Of Acylcarnitine Metabolism In Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Function, Detection and Alteration of Acylcarnitine Metabolism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2019

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Acylcarnitines play an essential role in regulating the balance of intracellular sugar and lipid metabolism. They serve as carriers to transport activated long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria for β-oxidation as a major source of energy for cell activities. The liver is the most important organ for endogenous carnitine synthesis and metabolism. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary malignancy of the live with poor prognosis, may strongly influence the level of acylcarnitines. In this paper, the function, detection and alteration of acylcarnitine metabolism in HCC were briefly reviewed. An overview was provided to introduce the metabolic roles of acylcarnitines involved in fatty acid β-oxidation. Then different analytical platforms and methodologies were also briefly summarised. The relationship between HCC and acylcarnitine metabolism was described. Many of the studies reported that short, medium and long-chain acylcarnitines were altered in HCC patients. These findings presented current evidence in support of acylcarnitines as new candidate biomarkers for studies on the pathogenesis and development of HCC. Finally we discussed the challenges and perspectives of exploiting acylcarnitine metabolism and its related metabolic pathways as a target for HCC diagnosis and prognosis.

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Section: Alteration Of Acylcarnitine Metabolism In Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Function, Detection and Alteration of Acylcarnitine Metabolism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2019

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“…Liver is the most important organ in the regulation of glycometabolism and lipid metabolism (Ding et al, 2018). Generally, insulin binds to the IR and stimulates the autophosphorylation of IR tyrosine residues, which further activates tyrosine kinase in hepatocytes (Brunetti, 2014; Wang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Mechanism Of Hepatic Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Mitophagy in Hepatic Insulin Resistance: Therapeutic Potential and Concerns

Nie

Huang

et al. 2019

Front. Pharmacol.

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Metabolic syndrome, characterized by central obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, increases the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other metabolic diseases. It is well known that insulin resistance, especially hepatic insulin resistance, is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Current research has shown that hepatic fatty acid accumulation can cause hepatic insulin resistance through increased gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and impaired insulin signal pathway. Mitochondria are the major sites of fatty acid β-oxidation, which is the major degradation mechanism of fatty acids. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to be involved in the development of hepatic fatty acid–induced hepatic insulin resistance. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), a catabolic process, selectively degrades damaged mitochondria to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction and preserve mitochondrial dynamics and function. Therefore, mitophagy can promote mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation to inhibit hepatic fatty acid accumulation and improve hepatic insulin resistance. Here, we review advances in our understanding of the relationship between mitophagy and hepatic insulin resistance. Additionally, we also highlight the potential value of mitophagy in the treatment of hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

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“…The liver is the main metabolic organ that carries out both lipometabolism and glucometabolism; therefore, if there are disorders in lipid and/or carbohydrate regulation, they negatively impact the health of the liver. Conversely, both acute and chronic liver injury can aggravate metabolic diseases as well as its own pathological status [4]. The liver and steroid hormones maintain body homeostasis, and the dysregulation of either may lead to liver and endocrine illnesses.…”

Section: Effects Of Female Sex Hormones Oral Contraceptives Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of the liver in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids is fundamental [1]. For instance, the liver regulates the plasma glucose concentration during fasting by glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, participates in the synthesis/degradation of proteins, and participates in lipogenesis and synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial and Deleterious Effects of Female Sex Hormones, Oral Contraceptives, and Phytoestrogens by Immunomodulation on the Liver

Soria-Jasso

Cariño-Cortés

Muñoz-Pérez

et al. 2019

IJMS

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The liver is considered the laboratory of the human body because of its many metabolic processes. It accomplishes diverse activities as a mixed gland and is in continuous cross-talk with the endocrine system. Not only do hormones from the gastrointestinal tract that participate in digestion regulate the liver functions, but the sex hormones also exert a strong influence on this sexually dimorphic organ, via their receptors expressed in liver, in both health and disease. Besides, the liver modifies the actions of sex hormones through their metabolism and transport proteins. Given the anatomical position and physiological importance of liver, this organ is evidenced as an immune vigilante that mediates the systemic immune response, and, in turn, the immune system regulates the hepatic functions. Such feedback is performed by cytokines. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are strongly involved in hepatic homeostasis and in pathological states; indeed, female sex hormones, oral contraceptives, and phytoestrogens have immunomodulatory effects in the liver and the whole organism. To analyze the complex and interesting beneficial or deleterious effects of these drugs by their immunomodulatory actions in the liver can provide the basis for either their pharmacological use in therapeutic treatments or to avoid their intake in some diseases.

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Lipometabolism and Glycometabolism in Liver Diseases

Cited by 55 publications

References 67 publications

Function, Detection and Alteration of Acylcarnitine Metabolism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Function, Detection and Alteration of Acylcarnitine Metabolism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Mitophagy in Hepatic Insulin Resistance: Therapeutic Potential and Concerns

Beneficial and Deleterious Effects of Female Sex Hormones, Oral Contraceptives, and Phytoestrogens by Immunomodulation on the Liver

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