Lipomas: genetic basis of common skin lesions and their occurrence in rare diseases

Abstract

Lipomas are usually sporadic, asymptomatic lesions, and their clinical and histologic presentation does not pose diagnostic difficulties. In ambiguous cases, however, knowledge of genetics is necessary. HMGA2 expression in adipose cells enables the differentiation of normal adipose tissue from lipoma and liposarcoma. Moreover, lipomas can be associated with genetic diseases, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, neurofibromatosis type 1, Wilson's disease, or mitochondrial diseases. Lipomas can run in families (familial multiple lipomatosis) or be a part of genetic syndromes such as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, Proteus syndrome, and Pai syndrome. This study aims to present the genetic basis of lipomas and diseases in which these lesions occur in the clinical picture.

Hidden in Muscles: A Case Study of Intramuscular Lipoma

“…Lipomas feel rubbery, not firm, and move quickly when touched [ 1 ]. There are several different types of lipomas, such as fibrolipoma (fat with fibrous tissue), angiolipoma (fat plus numerous blood vessels), hibernoma (brown fat, more frequently observed in youngsters), and conventional lipoma (common, mature white fat) [ 2 ]. A highly uncommon type of lipoma called intramuscular lipoma is found deep within the muscle fibers and exhibits symptoms of invading the nearby muscles [ 3 ].…”