Lipoid liver disease, atherosclerosis and glomerular lipidosis in a Gulf flounder Paralichthys albigutta (Jordan & Gilbert 1882): a case report

Lipoid liver disease in Hippocampus erectus Perry with Vibrio fortis‐induced dermatitis and enteritis

“…Lipoid liver disease has been described in a few marine fish, with the majority of the literature focusing on salmonids (Bell et al., 2000). Captive marine fish affected to date include a Gulf flounder, Paralichthys albigutta Jordan & Gilbert (Dill et al., 2017), an African stonefish, Synanceja verrucose Bloch & Schneider (Penrith et al., 1994) and a sapphire damselfish, Pomacentrus pavo Bloch (Weisman & Miller, 2006), all with similar clinical diagnoses. The suspected etiology of lipoid liver disease is an antioxidant deficiency, likely vitamin E, as a result of the ingestion of rancid feed (Bell et al., 2000; Dill et al., 2017; Weisman & Miller, 2006).…”

“…Captive marine fish affected to date include a Gulf flounder, Paralichthys albigutta Jordan & Gilbert (Dill et al., 2017), an African stonefish, Synanceja verrucose Bloch & Schneider (Penrith et al., 1994) and a sapphire damselfish, Pomacentrus pavo Bloch (Weisman & Miller, 2006), all with similar clinical diagnoses. The suspected etiology of lipoid liver disease is an antioxidant deficiency, likely vitamin E, as a result of the ingestion of rancid feed (Bell et al., 2000; Dill et al., 2017; Weisman & Miller, 2006). Inadequate preservation of frozen foods or nutritional supplements can lead to the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the production of toxic lipid auto‐oxidation products on renal hematopoietic tissues and erythrocytes (Hardy, 2001).…”