Lipo-nutritional quality of pork: The lipid composition, regulation, and molecular mechanisms of fatty acid deposition

Yi, Wuzhou; Huang, Qiliang; Wang, Yizhen; Shan, Tizhong

doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.001

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…The higher MUFA and SFA contents in the TNPs were consistent with the greater ability of native pigs to synthesize and desaturate lipids, which consequently lowers the PUFA content due to dilution effects [21,47]. The lower C16:0 and total SFA in the NT loin may be due to its greater C18:2n-6, C4n-6 and total PUFA contents because PUFA can suppress the activities of lipogenic enzymes that are responsible for the endogenous synthesis of C16:0 and other SFA [48,49]. The higher C18:2n6 content in the NT loin may indicate that the pigs have a higher capacity to deposit this FA compared to other pigs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Meat Characteristics, Expression of Myosin Heavy Chain and Metabolism-Related Genes in Thai Native Pigs

Chaosap,

Chaweewan,

Adeyemi

et al. 2024

Foods

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This study investigated the meat quality, expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and metabolism-related genes, ribonucleotides and fatty acids in Longissimus thoracis of Thai native pigs (TNPs) from different geographical regions (GR). Forty-one 9–10-month-old castrated TNPs (BW 60 kg), consisting of 18, 11 and 12 pigs from Northern (NT), Southern (ST) and Northeastern (NE) regions, respectively, were slaughtered. GR did not affect (p > 0.05) the expression of MyHC, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triosephosphate isomerase 1 and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein genes. The trend of MyHC was MyHC IIx > MyHC IIb > MyHC IIa > MyHC I. The NT loin had higher (p < 0.05) glycogen, C18:2n6, C20:4n6 and cooking loss, lower inosine, inosine monophosphate and hypoxanthine and a shorter sarcomere length than the ST and NE loins. The ST loin had a lower (p < 0.05) a* compared to other loins. Principal component analysis established significant relationships between the TNP and specific meat quality traits. This finding suggests that GR affected the meat quality, ribonucleotides and selected fatty acids in TNPs. These results provide relevant information that can be used to optimize the use of Thai native pork.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Meat Characteristics, Expression of Myosin Heavy Chain and Metabolism-Related Genes in Thai Native Pigs

Chaosap,

Chaweewan,

Adeyemi

et al. 2024

Foods

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“…Nevertheless, fat accumulation in animals results from an imbalance between synthesis and degradation. When synthesis of FA is greater than their consumption, FA are deposited in cells instead of mobilized to provide energy [ 64 ]. In addition, in an association study for backfat FA composition in free-range Iberian pigs, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ADIPOQ :g.124646194T>G and ELOVL6 :g.112186423A>G were identified to have a significant association [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other factors can also affect gene expression, such as environmental factors, genetic background, breeding systems, management, and host-factors. It has been reported that the FA composition in pig diets affects subcutaneous IMF FA profile [ 64 , 79 ]. Recently, Ludwiczak et al [ 81 ] also pointed out that FA profiles (SFA, MUFA, and PUFA) in the loin (e.g., in longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle) or IMF content of European pigs (e.g., Nero Siciliano, Cinta Sense, and Iberian × Duroc) can be affected by diet or by the interaction between diet and housing system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of candidate regulatory genes for intramuscular fatty acid composition in pigs by transcriptome analysis

Valdés-Hernández,

Folch,

Crespo-Piazuelo

et al. 2024

Genet Sel Evol

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Background Intramuscular fat (IMF) content and its fatty acid (FA) composition are typically controlled by several genes, each with a small effect. In the current study, to pinpoint candidate genes and putative regulators involved in FA composition, we performed a multivariate integrative analysis between intramuscular FA and transcriptome profiles of porcine longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. We also carried out a combination of network, regulatory impact factor (RIF), in silico prediction of putative target genes, and functional analyses to better support the biological relevance of our findings. Results For this purpose, we used LD RNA-Seq and intramuscular FA composition profiles of 129 Iberian × Duroc backcrossed pigs. We identified 378 correlated variables (13 FA and 365 genes), including six FA (C20:4n-6, C18:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C18:1n-9, C18:0, and C16:1n-7) that were among the most interconnected variables in the predicted network. The detected FA-correlated genes include genes involved in lipid and/or carbohydrate metabolism or in regulation of IMF deposition (e.g., ADIPOQ, CHUK, CYCS, CYP4B1, DLD, ELOVL6, FBP1, G0S2, GCLC, HMGCR, IDH3A, LEP, LGALS12, LPIN1, PLIN1, PNPLA8, PPP1R1B, SDR16C5, SFRP5, SOD3, SNW1, and TFRC), meat quality (GALNT15, GOT1, MDH1, NEU3, PDHA1, SDHD, and UNC93A), and transport (e.g., EXOC7 and SLC44A2). Functional analysis highlighted 54 over-represented gene ontology terms, including well-known biological processes and pathways that regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. RIF analysis suggested a pivotal role for six transcription factors (CARHSP1, LBX1, MAFA, PAX7, SIX5, and TADA2A) as putative regulators of gene expression and intramuscular FA composition. Based on in silico prediction, we identified putative target genes for these six regulators. Among these, TADA2A and CARHSP1 had extreme RIF scores and present novel regulators in pigs. In addition, the expression of TADA2A correlated (either positively or negatively) with C20:4n-6, C18:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C18:1n-9, and that of CARHSP1 correlated (positively) with the C16:1n-7 lipokine. We also found that these two transcription factors share target genes that are involved in lipid metabolism (e.g., GOT1, PLIN1, and TFRC). Conclusions This integrative analysis of muscle transcriptome and intramuscular FA profile revealed valuable information about key candidate genes and potential regulators for FA and lipid metabolism in pigs, among which some transcription factors are proposed to control gene expression and modulate FA composition differences.

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“…Among these, alanine, serine, and glycine undergo chemical reactions during heating, resulting in a sweet taste in meat [ 4 ]. Additionally, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in meat, such as n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA, play a crucial role in determining meat quality [ 5 , 6 ]. These fatty acids have beneficial effects on human health, including the prevention of cardiovascular diseases [ 7 ] and the improvement of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary novel alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis improves broiler meat nutritional value and modulates intestinal microbiota and metabolites

Yi,

Liu,

et al. 2024

anim microbiome

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Background Different types of exogenous protease supplements have a positive impact on animal performance, but their effects on the nutritional value of meat and the gut microbial community of broilers have not been extensively studied. The objective of this investigation was to determine the impact of supplementation with a novel alkaline protease derived from Bacillus licheniformis (at doses of 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 g/t) on the fatty acid and amino acid profiles, inosine monophosphate (IMP) levels, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content found within the breast muscle, as well as the impact on the cecal microbiota and metabolites. Results Supplementation with 200–400 g/t of the novel protease resulted in a significant elevation in the concentration of essential amino acids (P < 0.001), flavor amino acids (P < 0.001), and total protein (P = 0.013) within the breast muscle. Results derived from the 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis of the cecal content revealed that the novel protease reshaped the cecal microbial and metabolite profiles. In particular, it led to increased relative abundances of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Alistipes, and Eubacterium, while simultaneously causing a reduction in the metabolites of D-lactic acid and malonic acid. Moreover, correlation analyses unveiled significant relationships between distinct microbes and metabolites with the contents of IMP, fatty acids, and amino acids in the broiler's breast muscle. Conclusion In summary, the novel protease regulated the intestinal microbial community and metabolism, thereby inducing changes in the compositions of fatty acids and amino acids profiles, as well as IMP levels in broiler meat. These alterations significantly contributed to the enhancement of the nutritional value and flavor of the meat. Graphical abstract

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Lipo-nutritional quality of pork: The lipid composition, regulation, and molecular mechanisms of fatty acid deposition

Cited by 26 publications

References 127 publications

Meat Characteristics, Expression of Myosin Heavy Chain and Metabolism-Related Genes in Thai Native Pigs

Meat Characteristics, Expression of Myosin Heavy Chain and Metabolism-Related Genes in Thai Native Pigs

Identification of candidate regulatory genes for intramuscular fatty acid composition in pigs by transcriptome analysis

Dietary novel alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis improves broiler meat nutritional value and modulates intestinal microbiota and metabolites

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