Lipids, Vascular Disease, and Dementia With Advancing Age

Zimetbaum, Peter; Frishman, William H.; Aronson, Miriam K.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1991.00400020016004

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Patients with VaD showed a stronger decline in BMI over 12 months compared with patients with AD. This result can be explained by more frequent dietary restrictions recommended by physicians to reduce the incidence of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in patients with VaD (Zimetbaum, Frishman, & Aronson, 1991). AD patients frequently suffer from appetite loss (Finkel, 2000;Finkel, Costa E Silva, Cohen, Miller, & Sartorius, 1996) which can explain the BMI drop in this study.…”

Section: Nursing Homes Alonementioning

confidence: 66%

Living condition, weight loss and cognitive decline among people with dementia

Harsányiová

Prokop

2018

Nursing Open

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AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate cognitive performance and BMI of patients with dementia living in their own homes with family members, nursing homes and alone.DesignA prospective observational cohort study with a quantitative design.MethodMini–mental state examination (MMSE) scores and BMI were examined with a sample of Slovak patients (N = 428). Patients were followed up 12 months later after the first examination.ResultsCognitive decline was significantly faster for patients living in nursing homes and for solitary patients. BMI consistently decreased in the follow‐up examination and this drop was stronger in patients living alone and in nursing homes. Patients with VaD manifested a stronger BMI decline as compared with AD patients. This study suggests that impoverished conditions such as nursing homes or social isolation of solitary people contribute to stronger progress in dementia. Healthcare professionals need to implement meaningful activities for institutionalized people and for people who are living alone to eliminate the negative impact of an impowerished environment on patient's cognitive functioning.

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Section: Nursing Homes Alonementioning

confidence: 66%

Living condition, weight loss and cognitive decline among people with dementia

Harsányiová

Prokop

2018

Nursing Open

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“…Therefore the ratio HDL-C to LDL-C or to total cholesterol level is frequently used as an integrated index of the lipoprotein-related risk of CHD [35]. An LDL-C/HDL-C ratio < 4 indicates that the elevation in cholesterol is mainly due to an increase in HDL-C, while ratios > 4 are due to an increase in LDGC and thus associated with increased cardiovascular risk.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference intervals and decision limits for plasma lipids and lipoproteins: A practical evaluation of current recommendations

Nilsson¹,

Lanke

Nilsson‐Ehle

et al. 1994

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation

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As part of a longitudinal study--the Kristianstad Survey--we measured plasma cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein (a) in a reference group consisting of 203 men and women aged 20-80, randomly sampled from a well-defined area in the southernmost part of Sweden. The selection of reference individuals and the collection of specimens for assay of the constituents were performed in accordance with current recommendations. The results were subjected to statistical analyses both with and without application of exclusion criteria. Application of the theoretical exclusion criteria resulted in the exclusion of 22% of the participants; however, this procedure had a remarkably weak impact on the results: the mean values and the standard deviations were almost unaltered. The mean (standard deviation) for cholesterol was 5.9 (1.3) mmol l-1, for HDL-C 1.1 (0.3) mmol l-1, and for LDL-C 4.3 (1.2) mmol l-1. Women had higher values than men. Plasma triglycerides were positively skewed; their median and Q3-Q1-values were 1.0 and 0.5 mmol l-1 respectively, men higher than women. There was an increase with age for cholesterol and LDL-C in both sexes and for triglycerides in women. The steepest increase of cholesterol values with age in women coincided with menopause, which have a more clear-cut separation between high and low cholesterol values than did any age limit.

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Influence of Education and Occupation on the Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease

Stern

Gurland²,

Tatemichi³

et al. 1994

JAMA

1,153

366

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Objective.\p=m-\Several cross-sectional studies have found an association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and limited educational experience. It has been difficult to establish whether educational experience is a risk factor for AD because educational attainment can influence performance on diagnostic tests. This study was designed to determine whether limited educational level and occupational attainment are risk factors for incident dementia. Design.\p=m-\Cohort incidence study. Setting.\p=m-\Generalcommunity. Participants.\p=m-\A total of 593 nondemented individuals aged 60 years or older who were listed in a registry of individuals at risk for dementia in North Manhattan, NY, were identified and followed up.Interventions.\p=m-\Wereexamined subjects 1 to 4 years later with the identical standardized neurological and neuropsychological measures.Main Outcome Measure.\p=m-\Incidentdementia.Results.\p=m-\Weused Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age and gender, to estimate the relative risk (RR) of incident dementia associated with low educational and occupational attainment. Of the 593 subjects, 106 became demented; all but five of these met research criteria for AD. The risk of dementia was increased in subjects with either low education (RR, 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33 to 3.06) or low lifetime occupational attainment (RR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.32 to 3.84). Risk was greatest for subjects with both low education and low l i f e\ x=r eq-\ time occupational attainment (RR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.32 to 3.84).Conclusions.\p=m-\Thedata suggest that increased educational and occupational attainment may reduce the risk of incident AD, either by decreasing ease of clinical detection of AD or by imparting a reserve that delays the onset of clinical manifestations.

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Lipids, Vascular Disease, and Dementia With Advancing Age

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Living condition, weight loss and cognitive decline among people with dementia

Living condition, weight loss and cognitive decline among people with dementia

Reference intervals and decision limits for plasma lipids and lipoproteins: A practical evaluation of current recommendations

Influence of Education and Occupation on the Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease

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