Lipids of the streptomycetes structural investigation and biological interrelation

Batrakov, S. G.; Bergel'son, L. D.

doi:10.1016/0009-3084(78)90052-x

Cited by 74 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…There are only a few reports on GlcAD accumulating under phosphate deprivation as a surrogate for phospholipids (30,31). Outside of Gram-negative bacteria, GlcAD or higher glycosylated forms exist only in a few other bacterial species (1,(32)(33)(34). The responsible GlcAD synthase in all these organisms have never been isolated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bifunctional Glycosyltransferase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens Synthesizes Monoglucosyl and Glucuronosyl Diacylglycerol under Phosphate Deprivation

Semeniuk

Sohlenkamp

Duda

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Despite the high diversity of glycolipids found in many organisms, only a few glycosyltransferases have been isolated. Results: A bifunctional glycosyltransferase, synthesizing glucuronosyl or monoglucosyl diacylglycerol, was isolated from Agrobacterium. Conclusion: Glycolipids and other nonphospholipids can mutually replace each other, enhancing the ability to adapt to changing environments. Significance: This is the first report on the isolation of a glucuronosyl diacylglycerol synthase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bifunctional Glycosyltransferase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens Synthesizes Monoglucosyl and Glucuronosyl Diacylglycerol under Phosphate Deprivation

Semeniuk

Sohlenkamp

Duda

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…The specific components or metabolites in the spores of streptomycetes causing these responses remain to be identified. For example, streptomycetes have complex lipid-sugar structures in their cell walls (Batrakov and Bergelson 1978), which bear a similarity to gram-negative bacterial LPS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of proinflammatory mediators by indoor air bacteria and fungal spores in mouse and human cell lines.

Huttunen¹,

Hyvärinen²,

Nevalainen³

et al. 2003

Environ Health Perspect

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We compared the inflammatory and cytotoxic responses caused by household mold and bacteria in human and mouse cell lines. We studied the fungi Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium spinulosum, and Stachybotrys chartarum and the bacteria Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Streptomyces californicus for their cytotoxicity and ability to stimulate the production of inflammatory mediators in mouse RAW264.7 and human 28SC macrophage cell lines and in the human A549 lung epithelial cell line in 24-hr exposure to 10(5), 10(6), and 10(7) microbes/mL. We studied time dependency by terminating the exposure to 10(6) microbes/mL after 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr. We analyzed production of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukins 6 and 1ss (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1ss, respectively) and measured nitric oxide production using the Griess method, expression of inducible NO-synthase with Western Blot analysis, and cytotoxicity with the MTT-test. All bacteria strongly induced the production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and, to a lesser extent, the formation of IL-1ss in mouse macrophages. Only the spores of Str. californicus induced the production of NO and IL-6 in both human and mouse cells. In contrast, exposure to fungal strains did not markedly increase the production of NO or any cytokine in the studied cell lines except for Sta. chartarum, which increased IL-6 production somewhat in human lung epithelial cells. These microbes were less cytotoxic to human cells than to mouse cells. On the basis of equivalent numbers of bacteria and spores of fungi added to cell cultures, the overall potency to stimulate the production of proinflammatory mediators decreased in the order Ps. fluorescens > Str. californicus > B. cereus > Sta. chartarum > A. versicolor > P. spinulosum. These data suggest that bacteria in water-damaged buildings should also be considered as causative agents of adverse inflammatory effects.

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“…Some of our first results are different because of a less comprehensive characterization and the use of older techniques (13). The lipid and fatty acid components of various normal Streptomyces species have been studied intensively (1,6,10,22,25,26,30). In most cases, whole cells were used for extraction.…”

Section: Vol 179 1997 Lipid Composition Of Streptomyces Membranes 3433mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid and fatty acid composition of cytoplasmic membranes from Streptomyces hygroscopicus and its stable protoplast-type L form

Hoischen¹,

Gura²,

Luge³

et al. 1997

J Bacteriol

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The cells of an L-form strain of Streptomyces hygroscopicus have been grown for 20 years without a cell wall. Their cytoplasmic membranes have high stability and an unusual structural polymorphism. To clarify the importance of the lipid components for these membrane properties, a comparative analysis has been carried out with purified membranes of L-form cells, of parent vegetative hyphal cells (N-form cells), and of protoplasts derived from the latter. The phospholipid classes and fatty acids were determined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), two-dimensional TLC, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry. The qualitative compositions of cardiolipin (CL), lyso-cardiolipin (LCL), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE1 and PE2), lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), phosphatidylinositolmannoside (PIM), phosphatidic acid (PA), dilyso-cardiolipin-phosphatidylinositol (DLCL-PI), and the 13 main fatty acids were the same in the three membrane types. However, significant quantitative differences were observed in the L-form membrane. They consist of a three-to fourfold-higher content of total, extractable lipids, 20% more phospholipids, an increased content of CL and PIM, and a reduced amount of the component DLCL-PI. Furthermore, the L-form membrane is characterized by a higher content of branched anteiso 15:0 and anteiso 17:0 fatty acids compared to that of the membranes of the walled vegetative cells. These fatty acids have lower melting points than their straight and iso-branched counterparts and make the membrane more fluid. The phospholipid composition of the protoplast membrane differs quantitatively from that of the N form and the L form. Whereas the phospholipid classes are mostly similar to that of the N form, the fatty acid pattern tends to be closer to that of the L-form membrane. The membranes of both the L-form cells and the protoplasts need to be more fluid because of their spherical cell shape and higher degree of curvature compared with N-form membranes.Streptomycetes are bacteria characterized by a high degree of morphological and biochemical differentiation. Streptomyces hygroscopicus grows as branched hyphae, and it is able to form an aerial mycelium and spores. It produces several secondary metabolites, especially the antibiotic turimycin. The vegetative cells are 3-to 20-m-long hyphal units surrounded by a cytoplasmic membrane and a typical 30-nm-thick cell wall. From this species, we could isolate an L-form strain, which is able to propagate as cell wall-less, spherical, or pleomorphic cells on agar media as well as in liquid media under shaking conditions (2, 12).The stable protoplast type L-form strain is the result of an adaptive process. It has lost, irreversibly, the capability to resynthesize cell wall structures, and it represents a genetically stable mutant showing extreme pleomorphic alterations. These involve cell and colony morphology, growth behavior, biochemical activities, and an incapability to form spores and secondary metabolites (12, 13). In particu...

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Lipids of the streptomycetes structural investigation and biological interrelation

Cited by 74 publications

References 58 publications

A Bifunctional Glycosyltransferase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens Synthesizes Monoglucosyl and Glucuronosyl Diacylglycerol under Phosphate Deprivation

A Bifunctional Glycosyltransferase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens Synthesizes Monoglucosyl and Glucuronosyl Diacylglycerol under Phosphate Deprivation

Production of proinflammatory mediators by indoor air bacteria and fungal spores in mouse and human cell lines.

Lipid and fatty acid composition of cytoplasmic membranes from Streptomyces hygroscopicus and its stable protoplast-type L form

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