Lipids, lipoproteins, triglyceride clearance, and cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Grünfeld, Carl; Pang, Miyin; Doerrler, William T.; Shigenaga, Judy K.; Jensen, Peter; Feingold, Kenneth R.

doi:10.1210/jcem.74.5.1373735

Cited by 385 publications

(305 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These observations suggest that the subgroup of patients with the lowest CD4+ count display a high risk to develop acquired immune defi ciency syndrome (AIDS). Indeed, it has been previously reported that patients with AIDS displayed an increase in plasma TG levels and hepatic lipogenesis, as well as a decrease in TG clearance ( 29 ). By contrast, patients with HIV infection displayed plasma TG levels within the normal range, shedding light on the possibility that the decrease in TG clearance leading to an increase in plasma TG levels observed in patients with AIDS represents a consequence of AIDS development.…”

Section: Fc Effl Ux Assaysmentioning

confidence: 98%

Plasma cholesterol efflux capacity from human THP-1 macrophages is reduced in HIV-infected patients: impact of HAART

Khoury

Ghislain

Villard

et al. 2015

Journal of Lipid Research

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Coronary heart disease rates are expected to be higher as the human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) population ages. Controversy still exists as to whether HIV infection per se or its treatment increases the rate of coronary heart disease. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular events in HIV-infected patients ( 1, 2 ). However, in the Strategies for Managment of Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART) trial, the episodic use of HAART was associated with an increased risk of CVD when compared with continuous HAART use ( 3 ). It is now well-established that atherosclerosis Abstract The capacity of HDL to remove cholesterol from macrophages is inversely associated with the severity of angiographic coronary artery disease . The effect of human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) infection or its treatment on the ability of HDL particles to stimulate cholesterol effl ux from human macrophages has never been studied. We evaluated the capacity of whole plasma and isolated HDL particles from HIV-infected subjects (n = 231) and uninfected controls (n = 200), as well as in a subset of 41 HIV subjects receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to mediate cholesterol effl ux from human macrophages. Plasma cholesterol effl ux capacity was reduced ( ؊ 12%; P = 0.001) in HIV patients as compared with controls. HIV infection reduced by 27% ( P < 0.05) the capacity of HDL subfractions to promote cholesterol effl ux from macrophages. We observed a reduced ABCA1-dependent effl ux capacity of plasma ( ؊ 27%; P < 0.0001) from HIV-infected subjects as a result of a reduction in the effl ux capacity of HDL3 particles. HAART administration restored the capacity of plasma from HIV patients to stimulate cholesterol effl ux from human macrophages (9.4%; P = 0.04). During HIV infection, the capacity of whole plasma to remove cholesterol from macrophages is reduced, thus potentially contributing to the increased coronary heart disease in the HIV population. HAART administration restored the removal of cholesterol from macrophages by increasing HDL functionality. -El Khoury, P., M. Ghislain,

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Section: Fc Effl Ux Assaysmentioning

confidence: 98%

Plasma cholesterol efflux capacity from human THP-1 macrophages is reduced in HIV-infected patients: impact of HAART

Khoury

Ghislain

Villard

et al. 2015

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…9,10 Increased triglyceride levels as a result of increased synthesis and secretion is a more consistent feature of inflammationinduced lipid changes. 6,11 These observations raise the possibility that the impact of diet on plasma lipids could be modified by the degree of underlying inflammation.…”

Section: See P 126mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation Modifies the Effects of a Reduced-Fat Low-Cholesterol Diet on Lipids

et al. 2003

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Background-Inflammatory mediators regulate key aspects of lipid metabolism. We hypothesized that inflammation could diminish the cholesterol-lowering effect of a reduced-fat/low-cholesterol diet. Methods and Results-After a 2-week run-in period on a control diet (37% total fat, 16% saturated fat), 100 participants were randomized to the control or DASH diet (27% total fat, 6% saturated fat) for 12 weeks. Median C-reactive protein (CRP) at baseline was 2.37 mg/L (interquartile range, 1.20, 3.79). The DASH diet, net of control, had no effect on CRP. Overall, there were significant net reductions in total (Ϫ0.34 mmol/L), LDL (Ϫ0.29 mmol/L), and HDL (Ϫ0.12 mmol/L) cholesterol from the DASH diet (each, PϽ0.001) and little change in triglycerides (ϩ0.05 mmol/L, Pϭ0.21). Baseline CRP was strongly associated with lipid responsiveness to the DASH diet. Total and LDL cholesterol were reduced to a greater degree in those with a "low" (below median) compared with a "high" (above median) baseline CRP (total, Ϫ9.8% versus Ϫ3%; P for interactionϭ0.006; LDL cholesterol, Ϫ11.8% versus Ϫ3%; P for interactionϭ0.009). Reductions in HDL cholesterol (Ϫ8.8%) were similar in persons with low versus high CRP. Triglycerides were increased in those with a high CRP but not in those with a low CRP (19.8% versus ϩ0%; P for interactionϭ0.019). Conclusions-In this study, the presence of increased CRP was associated with less total and LDL cholesterol reduction and a greater increase in triglycerides from a reduced-fat/low-cholesterol diet. These findings document an additional mechanism by which inflammation might increase cardiovascular disease risk.

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“…Grunfeld C, et al found the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in 50% cases in their study and concluded that hypertriglyceridemia was related to disease per se rather than effect of ART. 12 Aldrovandi, et al found the incidence of abnormal triglycerides in 52% and 20% of HIV infected children in the PI and non-PI groups, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Study of Prevalence of Lipid Abnormalities in HIV Infected Children among Indian Population

Gupta¹,

Pathania²,

Gupta³

et al. 2015

HIV/AIDS Res Treat Open J

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Introduction: With the universal availability of Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV is increasingly recognized as a chronic manageable disease, rather than terminal illness. However the cost of increased longevity has resulted in to various metabolic abnormalities, mainly lipids. These metabolic abnormalities could be due to the HIV disease itself or due to the effects of antiretroviral therapy. Data on the prevalence of these metabolic abnormalities particularly in the pediatric population is limited, hence this study was conducted to find out the prevalence of lipid abnormalities in HIV infected children among the Indian population. Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Pediatric HIV clinic of a tertiary care hospital in western state of India from Sep 2010 to Aug 2012 among HIV infected children up to 18 years of age. After taking detail history and examination, fasting samples were taken for complete lipid profile. All enrolled HIV positive children were categorized according to clinical and immunological status as per WHO guidelines of 2010. The lipid abnormalities in HIV infected children on antiretroviral therapy & not on antiretroviral therapy were analysed. Statistical analysis was done by Z test for continuous variables and chi square test for dichotomous variables using Graph pad Prism 5 software. Results: 140 HIV positive children were enrolled, of which 93 were on ART. Mean age of the study population was 8.8 years with male to female ratio of 1.1:1. The mode of HIV transmission was vertical in 137(97.8%) children. WHO clinical categories at the time of enrolment were cat I, II, III and IV in 40%, 39%, 20% and 1%, while immune cat 42%, 18%, 16% and 24% cases respectively. Ninety three (64%) children were on antiretroviral therapy. Of the total, 80(57%) children were found to have lipid abnormalities, of which most common was high triglycerides levels in 74(52.8%) children followed by low HDL in 64(46%), high cholesterol in 19(13.5%) and high LDL in 3(2%) children. Mean levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL were higher in the ART group at 156, 126, 50 and 56 mg/dl as compared to ART naive group with levels of 129, 119, 39 and 50 respectively and the association between the mean levels of cholesterol and ART was statistically significant (P value=0.0002). Conclusion: The prevalence of lipid abnormalities was higher in HIV infected children, mainly triglycerides and cholesterol. Also the prevalence was higher in HIV infected children on ART as compared to ART naïve children. These metabolic abnormalities may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in these children, who are likely to be facing a life time exposure to antiretroviral therapy, hence regular screening is recommended to identify and manage the abnormalities early.

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Lipids, lipoproteins, triglyceride clearance, and cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Cited by 385 publications

References 26 publications

Plasma cholesterol efflux capacity from human THP-1 macrophages is reduced in HIV-infected patients: impact of HAART

Plasma cholesterol efflux capacity from human THP-1 macrophages is reduced in HIV-infected patients: impact of HAART

Inflammation Modifies the Effects of a Reduced-Fat Low-Cholesterol Diet on Lipids

A Study of Prevalence of Lipid Abnormalities in HIV Infected Children among Indian Population

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