Lipids in Human Parotid Saliva with Regard to Caries Experience

Tomita, Yumiko; Miyake, Nahoko; Yamanaka, Sumie

doi:10.5650/jos.57.115

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Lipids may have an important role in the oral ecosystem. Parotid gland saliva contains neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids (Larsson et al , 1996) and their concentration correlates with the caries experience of the individuals (Tomita et al , 2008). Although lipids could serve as possible nutrient source under fasting conditions, free fatty acids released after lingual lipase activity may also have antimicrobial properties (Hamosh and Burns, 1977), providing an additional host mechanism for shaping the oral microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the ecosystemic network of saliva in healthy young adults

et al. 2017

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A dysbiotic state is believed to be a key factor in the onset of oral disease. Although oral diseases have been studied for decades, our understanding of oral health, the boundaries of a healthy oral ecosystem and ecological shift toward dysbiosis is still limited. Here, we present the ecobiological heterogeneity of the salivary ecosystem and relations between the salivary microbiome, salivary metabolome and host-related biochemical salivary parameters in 268 healthy adults after overnight fasting. Gender-specific differences in the microbiome and metabolome were observed and were associated with salivary pH and dietary protein intake. Our analysis grouped the individuals into five microbiome and four metabolome-based clusters that significantly related to biochemical parameters of saliva. Low salivary pH and high lysozyme activity were associated with high proportions of streptococcal phylotypes and increased membrane-lipid degradation products. Samples with high salivary pH displayed increased chitinase activity, higher abundance of Veillonella and Prevotella species and higher levels of amino acid fermentation products, suggesting proteolytic adaptation. An over-specialization toward either a proteolytic or a saccharolytic ecotype may indicate a shift toward a dysbiotic state. Their prognostic value and the degree to which these ecotypes are related to increased disease risk remains to be determined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the ecosystemic network of saliva in healthy young adults

et al. 2017

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“…A targeted salivary metabolite study among adults indicated that lipid and fatty acid profiles differed between caries free (n=22) and caries active adults (n=22) (Tomita et al, 2008). In a study of an unrelated oral disease, periodontitis, Liu et al conducted whole sample untargeted metagenomics of plaque samples.…”

Section: 0 Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the effect of dentition, dental decay and familiality on oral health using metabolomics

Foxman

Srinivasan

Wen

et al. 2014

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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As a proof of principle, we used an untargeted global metabolic profiling of saliva to understand the biochemical processes associated with dental decay, dentition (primary and secondary tooth eruption) and familiality in a sample of 25 sibling pairs. Pairs were selected to represent four different combinations of dentition and tooth health: 1) both siblings with primary teeth and no decay (n=5); 2) both siblings with primary teeth and discordant for dental decay (n=6); 3) both siblings with primary teeth and dental decay (n=4); and 4) one sibling with primary teeth the other with mixed dentition and both with no dental decay (n=10). There was a strong effect of sibship on the metabolite profiles identified; this may reflect the effects of common genes, environment and behaviors, and shared oral microbial communities. Nested in the familial effects were associations of metabolite profile with dentition and with dental decay. Using three different analyses (Euclidean distance, hierarchical clustering and PCA using selected biochemicals) metabolite profiles of saliva from children with decayed teeth were more similar than the metabolite profiles of saliva from children with healthy (sound) teeth. Larger studies that include host behaviors, environmental factors, oral microbiota composition and structure, and host genetic predisposition are required to identify biomarkers for decay, and to estimate the relative contribution of host factors and oral microbes on risk of dental decay.

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“…Our results on the percentage of TFA concur with those from previous studies 18, 21 , showing the highest abundance for 18:1. Other studies found that the most abundant fatty acids were either 16:0 20 or 18:0 19 . However, there is agreement that the 4 most abundant fatty acids in saliva are 16:0; 18:0; 18:1 and 18:2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The basal free fatty acid concentration in human saliva is related to salivary lipolytic activity

Neyraud

Cabaret

Brignot

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Fat perception during eating is a complex sensation that involves various sensory modalities, such as texture, aroma and taste. Taste is supported by the discovery of fatty acid receptors in the tongue papillae. Dietary fat is mainly composed of esterified fatty acids, whereas only free fatty acids can bind to taste receptors. Some authors have mentioned the necessity and efficiency of salivary lipolytic activity to hydrolyse the esterified fatty acids present in foods and enable fat perception. Our hypothesis is that salivary lipolytic activity is also involved in regulating the basal level of salivary fatty acids in humans. To test this hypothesis, total fatty acid (TFA) and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and selected salivary characteristics (such as lipolytic activity) were analysed in the resting saliva of 54 subjects. The results show differences in the TFA and FFA profiles, with TFA and FFA concentrations of 8.99 and 3.56 µg/mL of saliva, respectively. Interestingly, lipolytic activity had a significant positive correlation with FFA concentration (0.51, p < 0.01). This result highlights a possible physiological role of salivary lipolytic activity in the regulation of the basal FFA concentration. This regulation could be involved in fat taste sensitivity.

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Lipids in Human Parotid Saliva with Regard to Caries Experience

Cited by 32 publications

References 26 publications

On the ecosystemic network of saliva in healthy young adults

On the ecosystemic network of saliva in healthy young adults

Exploring the effect of dentition, dental decay and familiality on oral health using metabolomics

The basal free fatty acid concentration in human saliva is related to salivary lipolytic activity

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