Lipids Fraction from Caralluma europaea (Guss.): MicroTOF and HPLC Analyses and Exploration of Its Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Wound Healing Effects

Abstract

Caralluma europaea is a medicinal plant used in Morocco to cure a variety of illnesses. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, the antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of C. europaea lipids. The chemical composition of C. europaea was analyzed using time-of-flight mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant potential was determined using the 2,2-di-phenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests. The antiproliferative effect was evaluated by MTT assay against HL60, K562, Huh-7 cancer cells, and normal Vero cells. The anti-inflammatory potential was conducted against carrageenan-induced paw edema. The wound healing effect was evaluated against skin burns for 21 days. The identified phytochemical compounds were docked for their effect on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, caspase-3, lipoxygenase, glycogen synthase kinase-3-β, and protein casein kinase-1. The results showed the presence of some lipids, such as linoleic acid and vitamin D3. The DPPH (IC50 = 0.018 mg/mL) and FRAP (EC50 = 0.084 mg/mL) of C. europaea lipids showed an important antioxidant effect. For the anti-inflammatory test, an inhibition of 83.50% was recorded after 6 h of treatment. Our extract showed the greatest wound retraction on the 21st day (98.20%). C. europaea lipids showed a remarkable antitumoral effect against the K562 cell line (IC50 = 37.30 µg/mL), with no effect on Vero cells (IC50 > 100 µg/mL). Lignoceric acid was the most active molecule against caspase-3 (−6.453 kcal/mol). The findings indicate the growing evidence of C. europaea as a potential treatment for several diseases.

Analyzing the Bioactive Properties and Volatile Profiles Characteristics of Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw: Exploring its Potential for Pharmacological Applications

“…All water molecules were removed, hydrogens bonded to heavy atoms, methionines replaced selenomethionines, and charges and bond orders were subsequently assigned. The OPLS3 force field was utilized to minimize, resulting in a maximum heavy atom RMSD of 0.30 Å [47] …”

“…The OPLS3 force field was utilized to minimize, resulting in a maximum heavy atom RMSD of 0.30 Å. [47]…”

Phenolic Composition of Crataegus monogyna Jacq. Extract and Its Anti-Inflammatory, Hepatoprotective, and Antileukemia Effects

“…The cytotoxic effects of the C. monogyna extract were evaluated using the methylthiazoletrazolium (MTT) assay, following a previously established protocol [ 47 , 48 ]. Human hepatocarcinoma (Huh-7), human acute promyelocytic leukemia (HL60: ATCC ® CCL-240TM), and human chronic myelogenous (K562; ATCC ® CCL-243TM) cell lines were cultured in 96-well plates (1 × 10 4 cells/well).…”

Formulation and Physicochemical Characterization of Terpenocannabinoid-Functionalized Hemp Oil Emulsifier: Assessment of Topical Anti-Inflammatory, Antinociceptive, Wound Healing Activity and Cutaneous Toxicity Effects

“…The three-dimensional structure of 5-Lipoxygenase (PDB ID: 3V99) was used to assess anti-inflammatory activity [29], cyclooxygenase-2 (prostaglandin synthase-2) (PDB ID: 6COX) to assess antinociceptive activity [30], and crystal structure of human casein kinase 1 (PDB ID: 6GZD) and crystal structure of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (PDB ID: 1Q5K) to evaluate wound healing activity [31]. These structures were directly sourced from the protein data bank.…”