Lipids as trophic markers in Antarctic krill. III. Temporal changes in digestive gland lipid composition of Euphausia superba in controlled conditions

Alonzo, Frédéric; Virtue, Patti; Nicol, Stephen; Nichols, Peter D.

doi:10.3354/meps296081

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…A detailed set of feeding trials with a range of microalgal species and the same microalgae fed to rotifers and brine shrimp (Artemia) were conducted by Alonzo et al (2003Alonzo et al ( , 2005aAlonzo et al ( , 2005b. The microalgae were selected to provide very different fatty acid (FA) profiles (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison to the increasing krill hepatopancreas lipid content with increasing concentration of the feed algae, the hepatopancreas of krill fed rotifers or brine shrimp showed a low lipid content. Of particular interest was that the two zooplankton diets also induced no significant differences in FA composition in relation to the species of zooplankton used (rotifer or brine shrimp) or to the species of algae consumed by these prey (Alonzo et al 2005a(Alonzo et al , 2005b. The zooplankton diets were chosen for their ease of culture as they are commonly used by the aquaculture industry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When Stübing et al (2003) offered calanoid copepods to adult krill the typical monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) of the prey were not incorporated in the krill lipids, but high concentrations were found in the faecal pellets. Other studies also could not detect dietary signature fatty acids of copepods (Cripps & Hill 1998) or rotifers and Artemia (Alonzo et al 2003(Alonzo et al , 2005a(Alonzo et al , 2005b in krill.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Effect of a carnivorous diet on the lipids, fatty acids and condition of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba

et al. 2007

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Krill are thought to be predominantly herbivorous, but a heterotrophic diet might be crucial for their growth and survival. To compare the influence of herbivory and carnivory on krill we conducted a nine month feeding trial. We examined lipid composition of the hepatopancreas, abdomen and remaining body portions of krill fed diatoms at bloom condition levels, and diatoms with the addition of pellets or minced clam meat to simulate a partly carnivorous diet. Mortality, dry mass and lipid content were similar among treatments. We examined lipid class and fatty acid profiles, with emphasis placed on the ratio of storage (triacylglycerol) to structural (polar lipid) lipid and key essential omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3. The triacylglycerol : polar lipid ratio increased in krill fed on the mixed diet as did the 20:5ω3 : 22:6ω3 ratio. Overall these findings indicate that provision of clam in the diet improved krill condition, and further suggest that carnivory may aid krill growth in the wild under certain environmental conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Effect of a carnivorous diet on the lipids, fatty acids and condition of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba

et al. 2007

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“…The trophic signal from fatty acid and stable isotope compositions can then be used to differentiate marker fatty acids according to their origin from ice algae vs. phytoplankton. The isotopic signal is integrated over days to months (Alonzo, Virtue, Nicol, & Nichols, ; Fry & Arnold, ) and therefore gives insights into diet and carbon sources from a longer time span compared to the snapshot characterization of stomach content analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter

Kohlbach

Graeve

Lange

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

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How the abundant pelagic life of the Southern Ocean survives winter darkness, when the sea is covered by pack ice and phytoplankton production is nearly zero, is poorly understood. Ice-associated ("sympagic") microalgae could serve as a high-quality carbon source during winter, but their significance in the food web is so far unquantified. To better understand the importance of ice algae-produced carbon for the overwintering of Antarctic organisms, we investigated fatty acid (FA) and stable isotope compositions of 10 zooplankton species, and their potential sympagic and pelagic carbon sources. FA-specific carbon stable isotope compositions were used in stable isotope mixing models to quantify the contribution of ice algae-produced carbon (α ) to the body carbon of each species. Mean α estimates ranged from 4% to 67%, with large variations between species and depending on the FA used for the modelling. Integrating the α estimates from all models, the sympagic amphipod Eusirus laticarpus was the most dependent on ice algal carbon (α : 54%-67%), and the salp Salpa thompsoni showed the least dependency on ice algal carbon (α : 8%-40%). Differences in α estimates between FAs associated with short-term vs. long-term lipid pools suggested an increasing importance of ice algal carbon for many species as the winter season progressed. In the abundant winter-active copepod Calanus propinquus, mean α reached more than 50% in late winter. The trophic carbon flux from ice algae into this copepod was between 3 and 5 mg C m day . This indicates that copepods and other ice-dependent zooplankton species transfer significant amounts of carbon from ice algae into the pelagic system, where it fuels the food web, the biological carbon pump and elemental cycling. Understanding the role of ice algae-produced carbon in these processes will be the key to predictions of the impact of future sea ice decline on Antarctic ecosystem functioning.

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Thraustochytrids, a Neglected Component of Organic Matter Decomposition and Food Webs in Marine Sediments

Bongiorni

2011

Biology of Marine Fungi

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Decomposition of organic matter in marine sediments is a critical step influencing oxygen and carbon fluxes. In addition to heterotrophic bacteria and fungi, osmoheterotrophic protists may contribute to this process, but the extent of their role as decomposers is still unknown. Among saprophytic protists, the thraustochytrids have been isolated from different habitats and substrates. Recently, they have been reported to be particularly abundant in marine sediments characterized by the presence of recalcitrant organic matter such as seagrass and mangrove detritus where they can reach biomass comparable to those of other protists and bacteria. In addition, their capacity to produce a wide spectrum of enzymes suggests a substantial role of thraustochytrids in sedimentary organic decomposition. Moreover, thraustochytrids may represent a food source for several benthic microorganisms and animals and may be involved in the upgrading of nutrient-poor organic detritus. This chapter presents an overview on studies of thraustochytrids in benthic ecosystems and discusses future prospectives and possible methods to quantify their role in benthic food webs.

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Lipids as trophic markers in Antarctic krill. III. Temporal changes in digestive gland lipid composition of Euphausia superba in controlled conditions

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Effect of a carnivorous diet on the lipids, fatty acids and condition of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba

Effect of a carnivorous diet on the lipids, fatty acids and condition of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba

Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter

Thraustochytrids, a Neglected Component of Organic Matter Decomposition and Food Webs in Marine Sediments

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