Lipids and ultrastructure of <i>Thraustochytrium</i> sp. ATCC 26185

Weete, John D.; Kim, H.; Gandhi, S. R.; Wang, Y.; Dute, Roland R.

doi:10.1007/s11745-997-0107-z

Cited by 66 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…(ATCC 21685) was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA) and grown in medium (12) at 24°C for 7 days. Biomass was harvested by centrifugation and used for RNA isolation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is synthesized via alternating steps of desaturation and elongation. Starting with 18:3 (9,12,15), the biosynthesis of DHA involves ⌬6 desaturation to 18:4 (6,9,12,15), followed by elongation to 20:4 (8,11,14,17) and ⌬5 desaturation to 20:5 (5,8,11,14,17). Beyond this point there are some controversies about the biosynthesis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thraustochytrids are a common type of marine microheterotroph and are taxonomically aligned with the heterokont algae (12). They are unusual in that they can produce substantial amounts of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA and docosapentanoic acid (DPA) 22:5(n-6) (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of a Δ4 Fatty Acid Desaturase fromThraustochytrium sp. Involved in the Biosynthesis of Docosahexanoic Acid by Heterologous Expression inSaccharomyces cerevisiae and Brassica juncea

Qiu¹,

Hong²,

MacKenzie

2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

207

134

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The existence of ⌬4 fatty acid desaturation in the biosynthesis of docosahexanoic acid (DHA) has been questioned over the years. In this report we describe the identification from Thraustochytrium sp. of two cDNAs, Fad4 and Fad5, coding for ⌬4 and ⌬5 fatty acid desaturases, respectively. The ⌬4 desaturase, when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, introduced a double bond at position 4 of 22:5(n-3) and 22:4(n-6) resulting in the production of DHA and docosapentanoic acid. The enzyme, when expressed in Brassica juncea under the control of a constitutive promoter, desaturated the exogenously supplied substrate 22:5(n-3), resulting in the production of DHA in vegetative tissues. These results support the notion that DHA can be synthesized via ⌬4 desaturation and suggest the possibility that DHA can be produced in oilseed crops on a large scale.Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) 1 such as docosahexanoic acid (DHA) 22:6(4,7,10,13,16,19) are essential components of the cell membranes of various tissues and organelles such as retina and brain in mammals. For instance, over 30% of fatty acids in brain phospholipid are 22:6(n-3) and 20:4(n-6) (1). In retina, DHA accounts for more than 60% of the total fatty acids in the rod outer segment, the photosensitive part of the photoreceptor cell (2). Clinical studies show that DHA is essential for the growth and development of the brain in infants and for maintenance of normal brain function in adults (3). DHA also has significant effects on photoreceptor function involved in the signal transduction process, rhodopsin activation, and rod and cone development (2). In addition, some positive effects of DHA are also found on diseases such as hypertension, arthritis, atherosclerosis, depression, thrombosis, and cancer (4). Therefore, an appropriate dietary supply of this fatty acid is vital for humans to stay healthy. It is particularly important for infants, young children, and senior citizens to have an adequate intake of these fatty acids from the diet because the fatty acids cannot be synthesized efficiently in the body (5).DHA is a fatty acid of the (n-3) series, according to the location of the last double bond at the methyl end. It is synthesized via alternating steps of desaturation and elongation. Starting with 18:3(9,12,15), the biosynthesis of DHA involves ⌬6 desaturation to 18:4(6,9,12,15), followed by elongation to 20:4(8,11,14,17) and ⌬5 desaturation to 20:5(5,8,11,14,17). Beyond this point there are some controversies about the biosynthesis. The conventional view is that 20:5(5,8,11,14,17) is elongated to 22:5(7,10,13,16,19) and then converted to 22: 6(4,7,10,13,16,19) by the final ⌬4 desaturation (6 -7). However, Sprecher and co-workers (8 -11) recently suggested an alternative pathway for DHA biosynthesis that is independent of ⌬4 desaturase, involving two consecutive elongations, a ⌬6 desaturation in microsome and a two-carbon shortening via limited ␤-oxidation in peroxisomes.Thraustochytrids are a common type of marine microheterotroph and...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of a Δ4 Fatty Acid Desaturase fromThraustochytrium sp. Involved in the Biosynthesis of Docosahexanoic Acid by Heterologous Expression inSaccharomyces cerevisiae and Brassica juncea

Qiu¹,

Hong²,

MacKenzie

2001

Journal of Biological Chemistry

207

134

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“…1. The cells of Aurantiochytrium mangrovei MP2 were separated into two layers after centrifugation at 3500 rpm for 10 min (grown at 8% glucose concentration) acids (Weete et al 1997;Ashford et al 2000;Morita et al 2006). These structures may also be indicative of secondary structure in the triacylglycerols (Ashford et al 2000), but they became indistinct during lipid body enlargement (Weete et al 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic acid production and ultrastructure of the thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium mangrovei MP2 under high glucose concentrations

Wong

Tsui

et al. 2008

Mycoscience

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“…Compared with the controlled test metal ion, a certain amount of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ were capable of promoting fungi growth and lipid synthesis. In order to improve one or more PUFAs yields, many experts examined the effects of metallic ions on PUFAs production and gained some achievements [17,18]. The growth and lipid production of the M. isabellina NTG 1-121 were also strongly influenced by metal ions (50 mg/L Ca 2+ and 100 mg/L Mg 2+ ).…”

Section: Effects Of Metal Ions On Pufas Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Culture Medium on PUFAs Production by Mortierella isabellinas

Sun

Zhou

Zhu

et al. 2015

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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In the paper, in order to improve the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by Mortierella isabellina, the effects of carbon source, nitrogen source, carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and metal ions on PUFAs production were investigated. The results of the research showed that different kinds of carbon source and nitrogen source had obviously effect on PUFAs production, the glucose and mixture nitrogen (yeast extract: peanut meal at 3:1 (w/w)) were greatly suitable for PUFAs production and cell growth. The glucose concentration and C/N ratios have significant effect on PUFAs production. Meanwhile, the results indicate the metal ions have profound effects on fungus growth and PUFAs production. Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ could promote PUFAs production. Almost all the improvement of PUFAs was obtained through increasing thallus biomass, though there were some influences on the metabolism. Under the optimal culture media composition, the yields of cell dry weight, linoleic acid (LA), gama-linolenic acid (GLA), and total PUFAs were 32.48, 2.90, 2.83, and 7.36 g/L, respectively.

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Lipids and ultrastructure of Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185

Cited by 66 publications

References 30 publications

Identification of a Δ4 Fatty Acid Desaturase fromThraustochytrium sp. Involved in the Biosynthesis of Docosahexanoic Acid by Heterologous Expression inSaccharomyces cerevisiae and Brassica juncea

Identification of a Δ4 Fatty Acid Desaturase fromThraustochytrium sp. Involved in the Biosynthesis of Docosahexanoic Acid by Heterologous Expression inSaccharomyces cerevisiae and Brassica juncea

Docosahexaenoic acid production and ultrastructure of the thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium mangrovei MP2 under high glucose concentrations

Effects of Culture Medium on PUFAs Production by Mortierella isabellinas

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