Lipids and trophic interactions of ice fauna and pelagic zooplankton in the marginal ice zone of the Barents Sea

Scott, Catherine; Falk‐Petersen, Stig; Sargent, J. R.; Hop, Haakon; Lønne, Ole Jørgen; Poltermann, Michael

doi:10.1007/s003000050335

Cited by 121 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Correspondingly, we found O. nanseni to be the only Arctic underice amphipod with moderate levels of fatty alcohols and, hence, WE as storage lipids throughout the year. This is in contrast to observations by Scott et al (1999), who recorded significant amounts of WE only in O. glacialis.…”

Section: Food Feeding and Overwintering Strategiescontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Correspondingly, the carnivory index 18:1(n-9)/18:1 (n-7) nearly doubled from summer (4.9 to 5.9) to winter (9.6 ± 1.2, Table 2). This amphipod species is generally referred to as omnivorous (Scott et al 1999, Poltermann 2001. Our results reveal that a switch in feeding behaviour occurs, from ice algae in summer to metazoan prey in winter.…”

Section: Food Feeding and Overwintering Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Apherusa glacialis is a herbivorous species which feeds extensively on ice algae, predominantly diatoms, at the underside of the sea ice (Werner 1997, Scott et al 1999). In our summer and autumn data, this is reflected in very high concentrations of the 16:1(n-7) fatty acid, which is a typical component of diatoms (Graeve et al 1994, Falk-Petersen et al 1998, and low values for the isomer ratio 18:1(n-9)/ 18:1(n-7), which has been proposed as a relative index of carnivory (Graeve et al 1997.…”

Section: Food Feeding and Overwintering Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Highest concentrations of metazoan markers and a slightly increased index of carnivory (18:1[n-9]/18:1[n-7]) occurred during winter, but seasonal changes in lipid composition and feeding behaviour of O. nanseni were less pronounced than those of the congener O. glacialis. O. nanseni seems to rely on an opportunistic feeding mode with an omnivorous diet (Scott et al 1999). Although reduced feeding activity has been observed in this species in winter (Poltermann 2001), this amphipod follows a 'business as usual' strategy without specific adaptations for overwintering, but with an increased proportion of metazoan prey and detritus as an additional food source.…”

Section: Food Feeding and Overwintering Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These amphipods feed on ice-bound and under-ice flora and fauna, as well as on ice-bound detritus (Werner 1997, Poltermann 2001. Biomarkers like fatty acids have been used to identify different feeding types among these species (Scott et al 1999). Metabolic rates, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal variability in abundance, respiration and lipid composition of Arctic under-ice amphipods

Werner¹,

Auel²

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The Arctic under-ice amphipods Apherusa glacialis, Onisimus glacialis, O. nanseni andGammarus wilkitzkii are autochthonous below the pack ice, i.e. they occur in this habitat during all seasons. In this study, seasonal dynamics in abundance were only evident in A. glacialis. Respiration rates did not differ significantly between summer and winter in any species, indicating that the under-ice habitat is a comparatively stable environment in terms of seasonal variations. The assessment of total lipids and fatty acid biomarkers revealed differences in feeding behaviour and overwintering strategy among the amphipod species. A. glacialis is strictly herbivorous, feeding on ice-algae at the underside of the ice during the productive season. The species overwinters in an active state, fuelled at least partly by internal lipid reserves stored during summer. O. glacialis switches from a predominantly herbivorous diet in summer to metazoan prey, including planktonic copepods, in winter, so that lipid catabolism is less important to winter survival. The congener O. nanseni relies on an opportunistic omnivorous diet throughout the year, with a higher proportion of metazoan prey during summer compared to O. glacialis. G. wilkitzkii is able to exploit a wide spectrum of food sources, from predominantly ice algae in summer to more ice fauna and planktonic copepods in winter. This species partly meets its energy requirements by using internal lipid reserves during winter.

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Section: Food Feeding and Overwintering Strategiescontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Food Feeding and Overwintering Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 69%