Lipids and membrane function in green algae

Thompson, Guy A.

doi:10.1016/0005-2760(96)00045-8

Cited by 439 publications

(329 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…A general trend towards accumulation of lipids, particularly TAG, in response to nitrogen deficiency has been observed in numerous species or strains of various algal taxa, as shown in Figure 1 (Basova, 2005;Beijerinck, 1904;Cobelas and Lechado, 1989;Merzlyak et al, 2007;Roessler, 1990b;Shifrin and Chisholm, 1981;Spoehr and Milner, 1949;Thompson, 1996).…”

Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The ability of algae to survive or proliferate over a wide range of environmental conditions is, to a large extent, reflected in the tremendous diversity and sometimes unusual pattern of cellular lipids as well as the ability to modify lipid metabolism efficiently in response to changes in environmental conditions (Guschina and Harwood, 2006;Thompson, 1996;Wada and Murata, 1998). The lipids may include, but are not limited to, neutral lipids, polar lipids, wax esters, sterols and hydrocarbons, as well as prenyl derivatives such as tocopherols, carotenoids, terpenes, quinones and phytylated pyrrole derivatives such as the chlorophylls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microalgal triacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances

et al. 2008

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SummaryMicroalgae represent an exceptionally diverse but highly specialized group of micro-organisms adapted to various ecological habitats. Many microalgae have the ability to produce substantial amounts (e.g. 20-50% dry cell weight) of triacylglycerols (TAG) as a storage lipid under photo-oxidative stress or other adverse environmental conditions. Fatty acids, the building blocks for TAGs and all other cellular lipids, are synthesized in the chloroplast using a single set of enzymes, of which acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) is key in regulating fatty acid synthesis rates. However, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis is poorly understood in microalgae. Synthesis and sequestration of TAG into cytosolic lipid bodies appear to be a protective mechanism by which algal cells cope with stress conditions, but little is known about regulation of TAG formation at the molecular and cellular level. While the concept of using microalgae as an alternative and renewable source of lipid-rich biomass feedstock for biofuels has been explored over the past few decades, a scalable, commercially viable system has yet to emerge. Today, the production of algal oil is primarily confined to high-value specialty oils with nutritional value, rather than commodity oils for biofuel. This review provides a brief summary of the current knowledge on oleaginous algae and their fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis, algal model systems and genomic approaches to a better understanding of TAG production, and a historical perspective and path forward for microalgae-based biofuel research and commercialization.

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Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgal triacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances

et al. 2008

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“…This could be related to the production of pools of apoproteins, such as those in the PSII complex that require lipids for their function (Thompson, 1996).…”

Section: Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Scale Metabolic Model for the Green Alga Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 395 Accurately Predicts Phenotypes under Autotrophic, Heterotrophic, and Mixotrophic Growth Conditions

Zuñiga

Huelsman

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

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The green microalga Chlorella vulgaris has been widely recognized as a promising candidate for biofuel production due to its ability to store high lipid content and its natural metabolic versatility. Compartmentalized genome-scale metabolic models constructed from genome sequences enable quantitative insight into the transport and metabolism of compounds within a target organism. These metabolic models have long been utilized to generate optimized design strategies for an improved production process. Here, we describe the reconstruction, validation, and application of a genome-scale metabolic model for C. vulgaris UTEX 395, iCZ843. The reconstruction represents the most comprehensive model for any eukaryotic photosynthetic organism to date, based on the genome size and number of genes in the reconstruction. The highly curated model accurately predicts phenotypes under photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic conditions. The model was validated against experimental data and lays the foundation for model-driven strain design and medium alteration to improve yield. Calculated flux distributions under different trophic conditions show that a number of key pathways are affected by nitrogen starvation conditions, including central carbon metabolism and amino acid, nucleotide, and pigment biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, model prediction of growth rates under various medium compositions and subsequent experimental validation showed an increased growth rate with the addition of tryptophan and methionine.

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“…and Chlorella sp. were grown in BBM (Thompson 1996). The experiments were conducted in ambient conditions without optimization, i.e., under lower illumination, temperature and without pure CO 2 supplement.…”

Section: Analysis Of Algae Growth In Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater treatment by local microalgae strains for CO2 sequestration and biofuel production

et al. 2017

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Currently, the scientific community is keenly working on environmental-friendly processes for the production of clean energy and sustainable development. The study was conducted to cultivate microalgae in raw institutional wastewater for water treatment, enriched production of biomass and CO 2 sequestration. The strains which were used in this study are Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp. which were isolated from Kallar Kahar Lake, Pakistan. Both strains were cultivated in synthetic growth medium (Bold's Basal Medium) to enhance biomass production. Afterward, microalgae cultures were inoculated in wastewater sample in mixotrophic mode under ambient conditions. The impurities in wastewater were successfully removed from the original sample by the 7th day of operation. COD 95%, nitrate 99.7% and phosphate 80.5% were removed by applying Scenedesmus sp. Meanwhile, Chlorella sp. reduced 84.86% COD, 98.2% nitrate and 70% phosphate, respectively. Interestingly, sulfates were removed from wastewater completely by both strains. Besides being useful in wastewater remediation, these microalgae strains were subsequently harvested for lipid extraction and potential biofuel production was determined. Therefore, the applied method is an environmentally safe, cost-effective and alternative technology for wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the achieved biomass through this process can be used for the production of biofuels.

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Lipids and membrane function in green algae

Cited by 439 publications

References 146 publications

Microalgal triacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances

Microalgal triacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: perspectives and advances

Genome-Scale Metabolic Model for the Green Alga Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 395 Accurately Predicts Phenotypes under Autotrophic, Heterotrophic, and Mixotrophic Growth Conditions

Wastewater treatment by local microalgae strains for CO2 sequestration and biofuel production

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