Lipids

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“…Therefore, in order to get high survival in marine fish larvae, higher nutrient quality and quantity in rotifer and artemia should be maintained at larval period (Izquierdo & Koven, 2011). Enrichment process is one of the most important application in marine fish hatcheries.…”

“…Successful production of marine fish larvae is limited by the poor achivement of hatching rate and lack of essential nutrients in live prey and microdiets (Izquierdo & Koven, 2011). Live prey are necessary in order to stimulate digestive enzymes and sustain enough energy from exogenous feeds (Kanazawa, 2003;Hamre, Yufera, Rønnestad, Boglione & Conceiçao & Izquierdo, 2013).…”

Linking fatty acids in the diet and tissues to quality of larval southern flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma)

“…HUFAs are important constituents of cell membranes and biologically active compounds that play significant roles in numerous physiological processes (Izquierdo and Koven, 2011). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is one HUFA that is especially well known because of its established importance to the health of fishes and mammals and general deficiency in the western diet of humans (Connor, 2000;Gropper and Smith, 2012).…”

“…Concentrations of DHA, ARA, and EPA, individually, as well as their ratios, are related to various measures of larval quality. Ratios are important because one of these EFAs can regulate the efficacy of another (Koven et al, 2001;Izquierdo and Koven, 2011).…”

Potential of three new krill products for seabream larval production

“…Moreover, the conservative nature of polar lipid level and composition in live preys, related to its active metabolism, makes it di⁄cult not only to manipulate PLs levels but also to avoid substantial modi¢cation of PL pro-¢les (Rainuzzo, Reitan, JÖrgensen & Olsen 1994;Coutteau et al 1997). Most studies are related to postlarvae or juvenile stages, which have shown to improve ¢sh performance markedly, and also shows that PLs are necessary for larvae and broodstock ¢sh (Izquierdo & Koven, 2011). Therefore, studies researching the e¡ect of PLs in larval nutrition have been mainly focused on the use of microdiets and weaning diets.…”