Lipidomics for Elucidation of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Lipid Metabolic Disorder

Abstract

Lipidomics is an essential technique to elucidate the recent diseases such as metabolic syndrome in which lipid metabolic disorder is considered as one of the main physiological changes [1][2][3][4]. Among them, lipid oxidation is the most prominent event as a result of oxidative stress that is thought to be a major physiological process occurring in the progress of these diseases during aging of the human life [5][6][7]. Thus, a basic analytical system is very important especially for the analysis of the distribution of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) containing lipids in several organs where the increase in and the existence of their oxidation and accumulation of their oxidized metabolites such as hydroperoxides, hydrooxides, ketons, epoxides, aldehydes, and carboxylated species are expected.Sources of PUFA in mammalian tissues are exclusively regulated by external factors, especially food supply. Thus, both qualitative and quantitative states of lipid supply from foods for mammalians are extremely important to the progress of these diseases resulting from lipid metabolic disorder including lipid oxidation.Recent progress of lipidomics has made it possible to know exact distribution of lipid molecular species containing saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (SFA, MUFA, and PUFA) even in the states of individual classes in phospholipids (PLs) and triglycerides (TGs) [8][9][10][11][12]. Also, their specified localizations are proved to reflect physiological functions of these molecular species within different individual organs and tissue regions.Molecular species of PLs in individual organs have been proved to be strictly regulated by localization of phospholipases, acyltransferases, and acyl-CoA concentration specifically regulated by acyl-CoA synthetases, fatty acid elongases, and desaturases. These facts have been revealed recently by the application of global analysis by mass spectrometry (MS). Recent methods in lipidomics by mass spectrometry have been very rapidly progressing, making global and comprehensive analyses of individual lipid molecular species in tissues possible [8][9][10][11][12]. As a result, Lipidomics, First Edition. Edited by Kim Ekroos.

Effects of a 0.3% cholesterol diet and a 20% fat diet on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in Quaker parrots (Myiopsitta monachus)

“…In particular, other similar glycerophospholipid and lysoglycerophospholipid types, such as PCs, LPCs, oxidized lipids, and lipid mediators, were not measured and could be important lipids in dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. 35,36 However, this targeted metabolomics kit was very comprehensive and allowed us to obtain a broad snapshot of the lipidome with a single assay; a comprehensive lipidome requires using different panels, methodologies, and occasionally, different laboratories, as demonstrated when reporting the plasma lipidome of the Quaker parrot. 12 Furthermore, increasing the analytic number of a 12-parrot sample size would cause decreased statistical power, which is already a problem in lipidomics studies of animals.…”

“…A limitation of this study was that several lipid species were not measured as the targeted profile was restricted by the MxP Quant 500 panel. In particular, other similar glycerophospholipid and lysoglycerophospholipid types, such as PCs, LPCs, oxidized lipids, and lipid mediators, were not measured and could be important lipids in dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases 35,36 . However, this targeted metabolomics kit was very comprehensive and allowed us to obtain a broad snapshot of the lipidome with a single assay; a comprehensive lipidome requires using different panels, methodologies, and occasionally, different laboratories, as demonstrated when reporting the plasma lipidome of the Quaker parrot 12 .…”