Lipidome and proteome map of myelin membranes

Gopalakrishnan, Gopakumar; Awasthi, Anshul; Belkaïd, Wiam; Faria, Omar de; Liazoghli, Dalinda; Colman, David; Dhaunchak, Ajit Singh

doi:10.1002/jnr.23157

Cited by 57 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…More recently, high-throughput transcriptional profiling as well as large-scale analysis of the proteome and lipidome of the myelin sheath [23,75-78] have begun to address this issue. For example, single-cell transcriptional analysis of more than 3000 mouse forebrain cells has revealed the existence of six putative subpopulations of oligodendrocytes based solely on gene expression profiles [79].…”

Section: A Complicated Relationship: Oligodendrocyte and Neuronal DIVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity Matters: A Revised Guide to Myelination

Tomassy

Dershowitz

Arlotta

2016

Trends in Cell Biology

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The evolutionary success of the vertebrate nervous system is largely due to a unique structural feature - the myelin sheath, a fatty envelope that surrounds the axons of neurons. By increasing the speed by which electrical signals travel along axons, myelin facilitates neuronal communication between distant regions of the nervous system. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the development of myelin as well as its homeostasis in adulthood. We discuss how finely tuned neuron-oligodendrocyte interactions are central to myelin formation during development and in the adult and how these interactions can have profound implications for the plasticity of the adult brain. We also speculate how the functional diversity of both neurons and oligodendrocytes may impact the myelination process in both health and disease.

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Section: A Complicated Relationship: Oligodendrocyte and Neuronal DIVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity Matters: A Revised Guide to Myelination

Tomassy

Dershowitz

Arlotta

2016

Trends in Cell Biology

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“…In particular, myelin is relatively enriched in lipids (particularly cholesterol and glycosphingolipids) when compared to most membranes. Table 2 (data taken from [36,37,56]) compares the composition of isolated human myelin in both the PNS and CNS based on traditional biochemical analysis; more recently, large scale lipidomic and proteomic analyses have further clarified the nature of myelin components [57].…”

Section: Molecular Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Myelin: Theories and Application to Human Disease

Knowles¹

2017

J Evol Med

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Myelin, once thought of as a simple insulating sheath, is now known to be a complex, dynamic structure. It has multiple functions in addition to increasing conduction velocity, including reducing the energetic cost of action potentials, saving space, and metabolic functions. Myelin is also notable for likely having arisen independently at least three times over the course of evolutionary history. This article reviews the available evidence about the evolution of myelin and proposes a hypothesis of how it arose in vertebrates. It then discusses the evolutionary trade-offs associated with myelination and suggests a possible animal model for further study of this phenomenon. Finally, it briefly covers the neural regulation of myelination before discussing possible roles of myelin in human social cognition and evolution, and the relevance of this to human disease.

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“…2b ). Die Analysen von frisch aufgereinigten humanen und murinen Myelinfraktionen identifizierte mehr als 1000 Proteine und ungefähr 700 verschiedene Lipide [ 9 ]. Gliosome sind angereichert mit Proteinen der astrozytischen Exozytosemaschinerie (Markerprotein VAMP3), perisynaptischen astrozytä-ren Prozessen (Markerprotein Ezrin) und astrozytären Plasmamembranproteinen (beispielsweise astrozytäres Membranglykoprotein Basigin44).…”

Section: Proteomische Ansätze Zur Enträtseln Glialer Heterogenitätunclassified

Entschlüsselung glialer Funktionen mittels OMICs-Technologien

Dieterich

Rossner²

2015

E-Neuroforum

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ZusammenfassungSowohl neuronale als auch gliale Zellen tragen zu höheren Hirnfunktionen bei. Viele Beobachtungen zeigen, dass Neurone und Gliazellen nicht nur physische Berührungspunkte besitzen, sondern auch physiologisch eng verbunden sind und auf vielen Ebenen wechselseitig voneinander abhängen. Zudem stellen Macroglia wie Astrozyten, NG2 - Zellen und Oligodendrocyten keine homogenen Zellpopulationen dar, sondern besitzen, ahnlich wie Neurone, merkliche Unterschiede in verschiedenen Aspekten. Diese Vielzahl der Unterschiede in Morphologie, Funktionalität und zellularer Aktivität wurden jungst anerkannt und in ein generelles Konzept der Gehirnfunktion integriert, welches eine neurale, statt einer ausschließlich neuronalen Welt zeichnet. Mit den neusten Fortschritten der ‚OMICs‘ Technologie wird ein unvoreingenommener und explorativer Ansatz möglich, über welchen ein detailliertes Verständnis des glialen Heterogenitätsprofils in Reichweite gelangt. In diesem Artikel geben wir einen Überblick über aktuelle Transkriptomics-und Proteomicstechniken, die benutzt werden, um die gliale Heterogenität des Gehirns zu analysieren.

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Lipidome and proteome map of myelin membranes

Cited by 57 publications

References 31 publications

Diversity Matters: A Revised Guide to Myelination

Diversity Matters: A Revised Guide to Myelination

The Evolution of Myelin: Theories and Application to Human Disease

Entschlüsselung glialer Funktionen mittels OMICs-Technologien

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