Lipid Synthesis from [U-14C] Glucose in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos in Culture

Flynn, Tom; Hillman, Nina

doi:10.1095/biolreprod19.4.922

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…These observations suggest that during in vitro culture there is a lipid accumulation in cytoplasm. The content and function of cytoplasmic lipid droplets is not well known, but F lynn and Hillman (10,11 ) showed that preimplantation mouse embryos are able to synthesize lipids de novo from exogenous glucose or fatty acids present in the microenviroument. Neutral lipids such as triacylglycerol are the major lipid species synthesized and stored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neutral lipids such as triacylglycerol are the major lipid species synthesized and stored. A major biological function of triacylglycerols is to serve as a storage form of metabolic energy in preparation for specific developmental events such as the hatching of the blastocyst (10). In embryos of different species, mitochondria have been colocalized with lipid droplets but the functional significance of these associations is unclear (8,29,39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delipidating in vitro-produced bovine zygotes: Effect on further development and consequences for freezability

Díez

Heyman

Bourhis³

et al. 2001

Theriogenology

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To study the effect of partial removal of intracytoplasmatic lipids from bovine zygotes on their in vitro and in vivo survival, presumptive zygotes were delipidated by micromanipulation and cocultured with Veto cells in B2+10% FCS. Blastocyst rates of delipidated (n=960), sham (centrifuged but not delipidated, n=830) and control embryos (n=950) were 42.1, 42.3 and 39.9% respectively (P > 0.05). Day 7 blastocysts derived from delipidated zygotes had a mean of 123.9 + 45.6 nuclei compared to 137.5 + 32.9 for control blastocysts (P > 0.05). The full-term development of delipidated blastocysts after single transfer to recipients was similar to that of control IVF blastocysts (41.2% vs 45.4% respectively). To assess the effect of delipidation on the embryo tolerance to freczing/thawing, delipidated (n=73), control (n=67) and shmn (n=50) Day 7 blastocysts were frozen in 1.36 M glycerol + 0.25 M sucrose in PBS. After thawing, embryos were cocultured for 72 h with Vero cells in B2+10% FCS. Survival rates at 24 h were not significantly different between groups. However, in the delipidated group, the survival rate after 48 h in culture was significantly higher than in the control group (56.2 vs 39.8, P < 0.02), resulting in a higher hatching rate after 3 days in culture (45.2 vs 22.4, P < 0.02). Pregnancy rates for delipidated and control frozen/thawed embryos were respectively 10.5 and 22.2% (P > 0.05). Electron microscopic observations showed much fewer lipid droplets (and smaller) in delipated blastocysts than in controls. Taken together, our data show that delipidation of one cell stage bovine embryos is compatible with their normal development to term and has a beneficial effect on their tolerance to freezing and thawing at the blastocyst stage. This procedure, however, alters the developmental potential of such blastocysts, suggesting that maternally inherited lipid stores interfere with metabolic recovery after thawing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delipidating in vitro-produced bovine zygotes: Effect on further development and consequences for freezability

Díez

Heyman

Bourhis³

et al. 2001

Theriogenology

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“…Glucose metabolism in mouse and rabbit embryos has been extensively examined (Fridhandler, 1961;Mounib & Chang, 1965;Brinster, 1967Brinster, , 1969Quinn & Wales, 1973;Flynn & Hillman, 1978;Khurana & Wales, 1987a, b). Our current findings suggest that the rabbit embryo is not highly dependent on glucose metabolism and may be more dependent on neutral glyceride pools.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perhaps glucose is required by the cell for purposes other than an energy-producing metabolite. For example, glucose may be required to form the glycerol por¬ tion of the neutral glycerides, as was proposed for the mouse embryo (Flynn & Hillman, 1978) or, conversely, is converted to glycogen to be used later as an energy source (Quinn & Wales, …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose metabolism in the trophectoderm and inner cell mass of the rabbit embryo

Robinson¹,

Benos²

1991

Reproduction

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Summary. The metabolism of glucose in the intact post coitum (p.c.) rabbit blastocyst and in the separated trophectoderm and inner cell mass (ICM) of the Day-7 p.c. embryo was investigated. At Day-6 p.c., glucose traversed the trophectoderm with a half-time of 39 \ m=+-\9\m=.\3 min, and was metabolized to CO2 at a rate of 25\m=.\5\m=+-\1\m=.\6 nmol \ m=. \ cm\ m=-\ 2\ m=. \ h\ m=-\ 1. Neither the Na+ ionophore, amphotericin B, nor cyclic AMP had an effect on glucose metabolism to CO2. Lactate production by the Day-6 blastocyst was largely independent of glucose. At Day-7 p.c. in the intact embryo, CO2 production from glucose significantly decreased to 7\m=.\76\ m=+-\ 2\m=.\8nmol\m=.\cm\m=-\2\m=.\h\m=-\1. Per unit surface area, the metabolism of glucose to CO2 was similar in the separated Day-7 p.c. trophectoderm and ICM. We conclude that the rabbit blastocyst is not highly dependent on glucose, and that the ICM does not utilize glucose as a metabolite to a greater extent than does the trophectoderm, at least in the Day-7 p.c. embryo.

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“…Triglycerides are the most important class of lipids in embryos [39]. Immediately post fertilization the embryo can also synthesize phospholipids and cholesterol to a certain extent [40]. An endogenous supply seems mandatory: adding compactin or disogenin to block this cholesterol synthesis causes developmental arrest.…”

Section: Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into human pre-implantation metabolism in vivo and in vitro

Ménézo¹,

Lichtblau

Elder

2013

J Assist Reprod Genet

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The metabolism of pre-implantation embryos is far from being understood. In human embryos, the two major obstacles are the scarcity of material, for obvious ethical reasons, and complete absence of a relevant in vivo control model. Over-extrapolation from animal species to human systems adds to the complexity of the problem. Removal of some metabolites from media has been proposed, such as glucose and essential amino acids, on the basis of their pseudo "toxicity". In contrast, addition of some compounds such as growth factors has been proposed in order to decrease apoptosis, which is a natural physiologic process. These suggestions reflect the absence of global knowledge, and in consequence mask reality. Some aspects of metabolism have been ignored, such as lipid metabolism. Others are seriously underestimated, such as oxidative stress and its relationship to imprinting/methylation, of paramount importance for genetic regulation and chromosomal stability. It has become increasingly obvious that more studies are essential, especially in view of the major extension of ART activities worldwide.

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Lipid Synthesis from [U-14C] Glucose in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos in Culture

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Delipidating in vitro-produced bovine zygotes: Effect on further development and consequences for freezability

Delipidating in vitro-produced bovine zygotes: Effect on further development and consequences for freezability

Glucose metabolism in the trophectoderm and inner cell mass of the rabbit embryo

New insights into human pre-implantation metabolism in vivo and in vitro

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