Lipid soil removal from cotton fabric after mercerization and carboxymethylation finishing

Obendorf, S. Kay; Borsa, Judit

doi:10.1007/s11743-001-0176-2

Cited by 10 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…4(B), (D)]. Morphological locations [i.e., surface, secondary wall, lumen, and crenulation and interfiber spaces, as reported by Obendorf4–8] can be identified clearly. The continuous background inside the selected energy window caused a few bright dots for the control cotton sample [Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Microscopic analysis of aroma chemical distribution on fibers. I. cis‐3‐hexenyl salicylate

Liu

Obendorf

Young

et al. 2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:The distribution of aroma chemical cis-3-hexenyl salicylate, on both longitudinal and cross-sectional fiber directions, was identified through backscattered electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis including X-ray spectrum and X-ray map. Three fibers-cotton, lyocell, and polyester [poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)]-were used as substrates to evaluate the influence of fiber physical/chemical nature on the distribution of cis-3-hexenyl salicylate. It was found that the distribution of cis-3-hexenyl salicylate on the external and internal fiber surfaces correlated strongly with the chemical structure, roughness, and both pore and capillary structure of the textiles. cis-3-Hexenyl salicylate distributed through the whole cotton fiber cross section with higher concentrations in lumen and crenulations, whereas it distributed relatively uniformly in the surface and cross section of lyocell fiber. This is believed to relate to the macroand micropores, macroscopic roughness, and the presence of a larger number of polar groups for these cellulose fibers. In contrast, cis-3-hexenyl salicylate accumulated at a few spots on the fiber surfaces of PET and in interfiber spaces of closely packed fibers, attributed to lower polarity, round cross-sectional shape, smooth surfaces, and fewer voids of the PET fiber structure.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Microscopic analysis of aroma chemical distribution on fibers. I. cis‐3‐hexenyl salicylate

Liu

Obendorf

Young

et al. 2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Chemical finishing of cotton fabrics by mercerization and carboxymethylation increases chemical accessibility and hydrophilicity, influences the distribution of lipid soil during fabric soiling, and enhances soil removal by laundering (5). In this experiment we studied the function of lipase in lipid soil removal by using the known differences in chemical accessibility of cellulosic fibers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further understand lipid soil removal, fabrics of cotton fibers with varied morphology/chemical accessibility were investigated (5). Mercerization results in physical changes including smoothing the fiber surface, opening the cotton structure, and reducing the lumen thus enhancing lipid removal by laundering.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the chemical and physical structures of the cotton fibers differ with mercerization and carboxymethylation. Mercerized and carboxymethylated fabrics exhibit improved soil release properties (7,8,11) and enhanced lipid removal from within the fiber structure (5). Thus, it is hypothesized that studying the lipid removal from these treated fabrics using radiotracer and microscopic analyses may give further insight into the function of lipase on lipid removal during laundering.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Function of lipase in lipid soil removal as studied using fabrics with different chemical accessibility

Obendorf¹,

Varanasi²,

Mejldal³

et al. 2001

J Surfact & Detergents

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fatty stain removal is enhanced by the inclusion of lipase in washing compounds and leads to increased lipid removal from within the fibers. Cotton fabrics with varied morphology/chemistry were investigated to study the accessibility of soil in textiles to detergent and lipase. Three cotton fabrics (untreated, mercerized, and carboxymethylated cotton), differing in chemical accessibility, and Tencel™ lyocell fabric, a microdenier manufactured cellulosic fiber, were subjected to three treatments-unwashed, washed with detergent, and washed with lipase-so as to understand further the effects of fiber morphology on lipase effectiveness. Both detergents and lipase removed more soil from the more chemically accessible and hydrophilic textiles. Lipase increased lipid removal for all fabrics and all morphological locations on the fiber, including fiber surfaces, interfiber capillaries, small capillaries, and the center of the yarn bundle. Lipase removed significant quantities of soil from the lumen in untreated and mercerized cottons; these fabrics showed the largest total increases in amount of lipid removed by lipase. When the fiber surfaces were smoother and the fiber structure was less open and not carboxymethylated, i.e., the mercerized cotton fabric, more lipase benefit was observed (72% of the residual soil left after washing with detergent was removed when lipase was added). The total soil removal from the mercerized cotton fabric by use of lipase was equal to that observed for the more open, hydrophilic carboxymethylated fabric and for the Tencel, which has no lumen or other morphological features of natural cotton such as crenulations. Lipase appeared to enhance lipid removal under conditions where removal by the detergent surfactant system was limited. Furthermore, we concluded that lipase acted to remove lipid soil from within the fibers by functioning at the interior surfaces of microfibrils and pores within the fiber structure at the lipid-water interface.Lipases are added to laundry detergents to enhance removal of lipid soils from fabric by catalyzing the breakdown of fats and oils with subsequent release of fatty acids, diacylglycerols, monoglycerols, and glycerol. New methods of lipase modification by genetic engineering have resulted in improved performance of lipases in detergency (1,2). In our joint research, the overall objective was to evaluate the distribution of lipid on fiber with respect to washing with lipase. We have been concerned with the removal of selected fatty stains from cotton (3) and the efficiency of the lipase during the time of the washing (4) with the purpose of further understanding the functioning of lipase in lipid soil removal in laundry.In the evaluation of three lipid soils, we found high concentrations of lard, artificial sebum, and olive oil in the interfiber capillaries of the yarn structure (3). The three soils were distributed differently owing to their wicking properties. Washing with detergent lowered the concentration of oily soil on the fiber surfaces and in the in...

show abstract

“…And most of the YPSZ fibers are hollow with inner diameters ranging from 2 to 6 m. This can be explained from the original structure of cotton fibers as shown in Figure 2. According to literature, 23 cotton fibers have a multilayer structure with four basic layers: cuticle, primary wall, secondary wall and lumen. The cuticle layer of cotton fibers we used was removed off during the pretreatment process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Hollow Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia (YPSZ) Fibers Using Cotton Fibers as Template

Gao¹,

He²,

Gao³

2009

Nanosci Nanotechnol Lett

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hollow yttria partially stabilized zirconia (8 wt% Y 2 O 3 fibers have been successfully synthesized using cotton fibers as template. Cotton fibers were first immersed into a mixed solution of Zr(NO 3 4 and Y(NO 3 3 and subsequently sintered in air at a high temperature to obtain the final YPSZ fibers. The as-prepared fibers were characterized by SEM and XRD, respectively. TG-DTG and DTA were also adopted to investigate the sintering process. The results indicated that the synthesized YPSZ fibers are hollow in centre and still retain the fibrous cotton morphologies after the complete removal of the cotton body. And these hollow fibers may have good thermal insulating properties that can be used as thermal barriers at high temperatures.

show abstract

Lipid soil removal from cotton fabric after mercerization and carboxymethylation finishing

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Microscopic analysis of aroma chemical distribution on fibers. I. cis‐3‐hexenyl salicylate

Microscopic analysis of aroma chemical distribution on fibers. I. cis‐3‐hexenyl salicylate

Function of lipase in lipid soil removal as studied using fabrics with different chemical accessibility

Synthesis of Hollow Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia (YPSZ) Fibers Using Cotton Fibers as Template

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About