Lipid profiling of developing Jatropha curcas L. seeds using 1H NMR spectroscopy

Annarao, Sanjay; Sidhu, O. P.; Roy, Raja; Tuli, Rakesh; Khetrapal, C. L.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.023

Cited by 57 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Comparing these diagnostic signals for TAG components confi rmed that T. suecica exhibited a higher degree of unsaturation compared with microalgae, such as N. salina (supplementary Table VIII). Thus, NMR methods offer a valuable tool that complements MS analysis to identify PUFA components and assess the commercial applications of high-value, lipidbased chemicals ( 47 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triacylglycerol profiling of marine microalgae by mass spectrometry

Danielewicz

Anderson

Franz

2011

Journal of Lipid Research

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ingly important. The methods and pursuit of algae-based fuels also have applications for bioactive lipids and highvalue, lipid-based chemical precursors ( 4,5 ), including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), carotenes, antioxidants, vitamins, and pigments, which have applications in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food industries. In all such applications, the methods of analysis, access to desired composition, total yield, and effi ciency with which lipids can be converted to usable products will be the ultimate determinants of industrial success.Previous analysis of algae lipid composition using GC/MS and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) has shown a broad variety of lipid classes: glycerolipids, such as monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyl-diacylglycerol (DGDG); phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC); and neutral lipids (triacylglycerols) ( 6-9 ). Many reports have focused on the analysis of polar lipids, but TAG analysis and composition have become increasingly important for biofuel applications. TAG analysis of mixed samples remains a challenge because of its lower ionization efficiency relative to polar lipids (such as phospholipids) ( 10 ). Analysis of neutral lipids in microalgae often relies on lipophilic fl uorescence and colorimetric assays ( 11, 12 ); however, these assays do not provide compositional TAG characterization. Compositional analysis of microalgal TAG primarily involves the initial separation of extracts using either liquid chromatography or thin-layer chromatography followed by MS analysis or derivatization of extracts, such as transesterifi cation, followed by analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by GC/MS ( 13-15 ). The direct analysis of algal triacylglycerol using pyrolysis GC/MS has been reported as a promising alternative, but the purchase of specialty equipment and use of higher temperature ranges may limit the broad utility of this method ( 16,17 ).Herein, we describe the compositional analysis of intact triacylglycerol of oleaginous marine algae using MALDI-TOF MS. MALDI-TOF provides a direct method Abstract We present a method for the determination of triacylglycerol (TAG) profi les of oleaginous saltwater microalgae relevant for the production of biofuels, bioactive lipids, and high-value lipid-based chemical precursors. We describe a technique to remove chlorophyll using quick, simple solid phase extraction (SPE) and directly compare the intact TAG composition of four microalgae species ( Phaeodactylum tricornutum , Nannochloropsis salina , Nannochloropsis oculata , and Microalgae have been identifi ed as an attractive source for the production of biofuels in addition to bioactive lipids and high-value, lipid-based chemical precursors based on their ability to produce 20% or more of their mass as oil. Due to the conversion of triacylglycerols (TAG) to fatty acid alkyl esters for use as biodiesel ( 1, 2 ), current research has focused on TAG production and analysis to make biofuels from microalgae a more economically feasible option ( 3 )....

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triacylglycerol profiling of marine microalgae by mass spectrometry

Danielewicz

Anderson

Franz

2011

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…In this respect, 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase B is a candidate for tagging QTLs associated with oil (Gomes et al 2010 (Ambrosi et al 2010b ) . The expression pro fi le of 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase B actually matches the pro fi le of fatty acid accumulation described by NMR (Annarao et al 2008 ) . Following Annarao et al ( 2008 ) , the oil content increases in two major steps, with a very clear transition occurring around stage IV when the oil content increases from 3% to 18%, whereas TAGs increase from 30% to 90%.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Synthesismentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The expression pro fi le of 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase B actually matches the pro fi le of fatty acid accumulation described by NMR (Annarao et al 2008 ) . Following Annarao et al ( 2008 ) , the oil content increases in two major steps, with a very clear transition occurring around stage IV when the oil content increases from 3% to 18%, whereas TAGs increase from 30% to 90%. The fresh weight reaches its maximum (~1,000 mg) at stage V, i.e., stage 3 of the experiment of Gomes et al ( 2010 ) , and then decreases to ~640 mg during stages VI and VII.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Synthesismentioning

confidence: 67%

Towards the Domestication of Jatropha: The Integration of Sciences

Carels

2012

Jatropha, Challenges for a New Energy Crop

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N. Carels approximately 170 known species. Recent phylogenetic studies in the genus Jatropha based on random ampli fi ed polymorphic DNA (RAPD), ampli fi ed fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP, Vos et al. 1995 ) and nuclear ribosomal-DNA internal transcribed spacer (nrDNA ITS) markers (Sudheer et al. 2009a ) showed that J. curcas is genetically more similar to J. integerrima Jacq. than to any other species of genus Jatropha .J. curcas is a stem-succulent deciduous tree of ~5 m in height that produces seeds rich in oil (27-40%). Crude oil of J. curcas meets the fuel quality standards of rapeseed and can be easily converted into biodiesel that meets US and European standards by transesteri fi cation.J. curcas is currently considered as undomesticated; its physiology and agronomy remain to be clari fi ed, and thus seed yield is poorly predictable (Ginwal et al. 2004 ) . However, in the interval of just 3 years from 2007 to 2010, great efforts have been made by the scienti fi c community, particularly in India, to gather data on the genetic diversity and interspeci fi c hybridization of this species, as well as from analyses using the complete range of available biotechnologies, including in vitro propagation, tissue culture, genetic transformation, transcriptome description and genome sequencing. Forward and reverse genomics approaches are now beginning to be employed in J. curcas research.The twenty-fi rst century is witnessing an unprecedented level of scienti fi c integration, which in the case of biology, has led to the concept of systems biology . This concept can be de fi ned as the study of the interactions between the components of biological systems and how these interactions give rise to the functioning and behavior of that system. In the case of genetics, the system also includes the environment of the biological entity under consideration because it conditions the spectrum of stimuli that are used to score the genome performance. As a consequence, systems biology implies high-throughput technologies of data collection, information technology for data management and mathematical modeling.Genetic correlations can initially be investigated by examining domesticated crops as an entity that represents a particular mode of the expression of a plant species. Related to this notion, there is a common suite of traits known as the "domestication syndrome" (Doebley et al. 2006 ;Tang et al. 2010 ) , which represents the kind of complexity that is appropriate to the new perspective that plant breeding must be addressed with the support of systems biology.Here, I propose to discuss the current knowledge and emerging technologies available from model crops with the underlying prospect of their application to the selective breeding of J. curcas . Mating SystemJ. curcas is monoecious, with separate male and female fl owers, and is a predominantly outbreeding species, as shown by its high abortion rate, low seed-ovule ratio, low fecundity rate, high pollinator attractiveness, delayed stigma receptive

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“…Japanic acid, in a similar way to the phenomenon observed in kernel oil, did not appear in the late harvested samples due to a higher degree of oxidation, while stearic acid could only be found in traces. An increase in unsaturated fatty acid composition and a decrease in saturated fatty acid composition during seed maturation has been reported in previous studies on the maturity of cannabis and jatropha seeds [36,37]. The increase in linolenic and arachidic acids is a good evaluation of the oxidation between the harvesting times.…”

Section: Early and Late Harvested Seedsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Effect of Storage Conditions on the Oil Quality of Chinese Tallow Tree Seeds

Terigar

Balasubramanian

Boldor

2009

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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The Chinese tallow tree (TT) has been widely considered to be an invasive species in the US without potential benefits. However, the literature on TT seeds is scarce and the effect of storage conditions on seed oil quality in particular has not been published to our knowledge. Prior research revealed that TT has a very high yield of seeds containing large percentages of long and short chain fatty acids (mainly palmitic fatty acid, along with some oleic, linoleic and linolenic fatty acids), which can be base transesterified into biodiesel. This study aims to address the issue of the quality of the kernel oil of TT seeds stored at different temperatures (4°C and room temperature) and under controlled atmosphere storage conditions (3% CO 2 , 6% CO 2 , vacuum, normal headspace). The total storage time was 3 months with the oil quality being analyzed weekly. Extracted oil was analyzed by titratable acidity, peroxide value, oxidative stability index and fatty acid composition. These experiments provided evidence that, after 12 weeks of storage, a controlled atmosphere did not produce any remarkable advantage over low cost air storage. The results validate the belief that no elaborate storage conditions are required to store this economically promising high oil content biofuel feedstock.

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Lipid profiling of developing Jatropha curcas L. seeds using 1H NMR spectroscopy

Cited by 57 publications

References 14 publications

Triacylglycerol profiling of marine microalgae by mass spectrometry

Triacylglycerol profiling of marine microalgae by mass spectrometry

Towards the Domestication of Jatropha: The Integration of Sciences

Effect of Storage Conditions on the Oil Quality of Chinese Tallow Tree Seeds

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