Lipid Profile Determination by Direct Infusion ESI-MS and Fatty Acid Composition by GC-FID in Human Milk Pools by Folch and Creamatocrit Methods

Abstract

Human milk (HM) is extremely important to the baby, containing a varied and balanced range of nutrients fundamental to the ideal development of the newborn. Among these nutrients, HM lipids provide 40-60% of the energy. In HM banks, the creamatocrit method is employed as a quick and solvent-free tool, however, since Folch methodology is considered reference for lipid extraction, this study compared the fatty acid (FA) composition and the lipid profile by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and direct infusion by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DI-ESI-MS) in pools of different HM phases, obtained from Folch and creamatocrit methods, in order to elucidate which method provides better information about HM lipids. Lipid compositon results by Folch were superior to the results obtained by creamatocrit in HM pools investigated. It means, the lipid profiles of all HM pools were more intense, and the number of FA identified by Folch was also higher in comparison to the creamatocrit method (21 and 6 FAs, respectively). GC-FID analysis in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) divided the methods, confirming a greater contribution of the Folch method. Therefore, Folch methodology revealed an effective lipid extraction in comparison to creamatocrit method.

Evaluation of the lipid composition of the three lactation phases of raw, pasteurized and lyophilized pasteurized human milk

“…Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 12, e26891211136, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.11136 Comparing the results obtained by the composition in FAs (Tables 3, 4 and 5) with the estimates of TAGs presented in Table 6, it was possible to observe the high frequency of combinations of oleic acid (O, 18:1n-9), palmitic acid ( P, 16:0) and linoleic acid (L, 18:2n-6) in these TAGs. These results were similar to the work by Manin et al (2019) In a study by Haddad et al (2011), in which the composition of molecular TAG species in mature milk was analyzed, the POO species (13.587%), PLO (3.045%), POP (9.790%) also stood out. Despite the intensity found in this work for PLO to be lower and for POP to be higher than those found in our study, it is noted that these species of TAGs were predominant, in addition to LaPO, MPO and PLL, which represented approximately 50% of the total of TAGs.…”

“…Our results were approximate results to the work of Silva et al (2005) and Lubetzky et al (2016), who studied the composition in HM FAs of Brazilian lactating mothers and obtained concentrations of PUFAs,MUFAs and SFAs of 23.04,27.60 and 39.70%,and 20.6,38.0 and 43.0%,respectively. Regarding MUFAs,) from the omega-6 family and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) from the omega-3 family are considered essential FAs, that is, they need to be purchased from the feeding, the evaluated HMs presented values between 17.29 to 18.51%, and 0.93 to 1.09%, respectively, values similar to other studies found in the literature (Kuipers et al, 2012;Manin et al, 2019). These MUFAs have important functions, especially in early life, where growth is intense, in addition to helping to form the immune system and the central nervous system.…”

“…Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 12, e26891211136, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.11136 2019and Rydlewski et al (2019), in which, analyzed the lipid profile of TAG in HM in the different stages of lactation, in addition to being in accordance with Table 3, 4 and 5, the FAs. O: oleic acid (18:1n-9); P: palmitic acid (16:0) and L: linoleic acid (18:2n-6) showed higher concentrations in the samples analyzed by GC-FID and the TAGs found through the m/z ratio by ESI(+)-MS were composed mainly of these three FAs.…”

“…Despite the intensity found in this work for PLO to be lower and for POP to be higher than those found in our study, it is noted that these species of TAGs were predominant, in addition to LaPO, MPO and PLL, which represented approximately 50% of the total of TAGs. Manin et al (2019) analyzed pasteurized and lyophilized HM in the three different stages of lactation for a period of six months of storage. The authors observed that the possible combinations of TAGs in the samples remained similar after the lyophilization process, confirming that the lipid profile did not change with the application of the processes or with the passage of time.…”

Quantification of Nervonic Acid in Human Milk in the First 30 Days of Lactation: Influence of Lactation Stages and Comparison with Infant Formulae

“…Other publications show ten times higher NA content in colostrum compared to mature milk [11,12]. However, there are also a few publications that report the NA concentrations decrease from 0.35 to 0.27 mg/g of human milk, with no significant difference between colostrum and mature milk [36].…”