Lipid Peroxidation Levels and Total Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Serum and Saliva From Patients With Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis. Oxidative Stress Index: A New Biomarker for Periodontal Disease?

Abstract

Background: In this study, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is a significant product of lipid peroxidation (LPO), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), and the oxidative stress index (OSI), a novel value as a marker of periodontal disease activity, are investigated in serum and saliva from patients with chronic (CP) and generalized aggressive (GAgP) periodontitis. Methods: A total of 98 patients (33 with CP, 35 patients with GAgP, and 30 periodontally healthy controls) enrolled in the study. After clinical measurements and sample collection, the MDA level, TOS, and TAOC were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography and a novel automatic colorimetric method. The OSI was calculated as [(TOS/TAOC) × 100]. Results: Although the salivary MDA levels and serum and salivary TOS and OSI values were significantly higher in the periodontitis groups than in the control group (P <0.05), the serum and salivary TAOC levels were significantly lower, and no significant difference in serum MDA levels was found (P >0.05). Furthermore, oxidative stress parameters were higher in the GAgP group than in the CP group (except the serum and salivary MDA levels and serum TAOC). Significant positive and negative correlations were observed between periodontal parameters and the MDA levels and TOS, TAOC, and OSI values (except serum MDA) (P <0.05). Conclusions: The present findings suggest that an increased TOS and decreased TAOC, rather than LPO, play important roles in the pathology of periodontitis and are closely associated with clinical periodontal status. Furthermore, the OSI may be a useful and practical parameter for evaluating periodontal disease activity.

Assessment of Lipid Peroxidation Levels and Total Antioxidant Status in Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis Patients: An in vivo Study

“…Attachment loss was significantly more in patients of GP study group. Our results were in correlation with the results obtained by Baltacıoğlu et al, 18 who also reported similar findings in their study. In a prospective study, Akalin et al 14 investigated the MDA levels and TOS values in saliva, serum, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of the CP patients.…”

“…From the results, the authors concluded that in the pathology of periodontitis, a significant role is played by elevated TOS and decreased TAOC. 18 On comparing the mean salivary MDA, TOS, TAOC, and OSI levels in between the three study groups, significant results were obtained (Tables 2 and 3). Similar results were reported in the past literature.…”

“…A significant product of LPO is MDA. In a study conducted by Baltacıoğlu et al, 18 levels of MDA, TOS, TAOC, and OSI were evaluated in the serum and saliva of periodontitis patients.…”

“…Similar results were reported in the past literature. 18 Baltacıoğlu et al 19 investigated the correlation between the TOS and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels in CP and GP patients. They assessed 30 GP patients, 30 CP patients, and 28 healthy controls.…”

Gingival crevicular fluid oxidative stress level in patients with periodontal disease and hyperlipidemia

“…1 Oxidative stress (OS) promotes the pathophysiological progression of periodontal disease by triggering local and systemic inflammatory responses. 2,3,4,5 Hyperlipidemia, i.e., elevated serum lipid levels, is thought to cause imbalance in the production of highly reactive molecular species and antioxidant defenses, leading to increased OS and creating a proinflammatory state that predisposes subjects to infections. 1,6 Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for atherosclerotic diseases by causing hyperactivity of white blood cells, 7 and this hyperactivity leads to an increase in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation.…”