Lipid Peroxidation Has Major Impact on Malondialdehyde-Derived but Only Minor Influence on Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal-Derived Protein Modifications in Carbohydrate-Rich Foods

Abstract

In the present work, the contribution of lipid peroxidation on modifications of lysine and arginine residues of proteins was investigated. Lipid peroxidation had a major impact on malondialdehyde-derived protein modifications; however, the influence on glyoxal and methylglyoxal-derived modifications in flat wafers was negligible. Therefore, vegetable oils (either linseed oil, sunflower oil, or coconut oil) were added to respective batters, and flat wafers were baked (150 °C, 3−10 min). Analysis of malondialdehyde indicated oxidation in linseed wafers, which was supported by the direct quantitation of three malondialdehyde protein adducts in the range of 0.09−23.5 mg/kg after enzymatic hydrolysis. In contrast, levels of free glyoxal and methylglyoxal were independent of the type of oil added, which was in line with the analysis of 13 advanced glycation end products. Comprehensive incubations of 40 mM N 2 -t-Boc-lysine (100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) with either 10% oil or an equimolar concentration of carbohydrates led to magnitudes higher (10 3 −10 5 ) amounts of N 6 -carboxymethyl lysine, N 6 -glycolyl lysine, and N 6 -carboxyethyl lysine in the latter. Furthermore, malondialdehyde exceeded glyoxal and methylglyoxal in incubations of pure oils at 150 °C by factors of 30 and 100, respectively.

Antioxidant Properties of Platycladus orientalis Flavonoids for Treating UV-Induced Damage in Androgenetic Alopecia Hair

“…UV irradiation promotes the production of free radicals, which have the same oxidation effect on unsaturated fatty acids in hair as ordinary oils, leading to a rancidity reaction. Malondialdehyde is the most typical product of lipid peroxidation [ 21 ]. Malondialdehyde reacts with thiosulfate barbiturate dye to form a pink compound with an absorption peak at a specific wavelength [ 22 ].…”

Dietary Polysaccharides Exert Anti-Fatigue Functions via the Gut-Muscle Axis: Advances and Prospectives

“…The presence of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), promotes oxidative defense, scavenges free radicals, and reduces oxidative damage [ 95 ]. In addition, as a major lipid peroxidation product, MDA can indicate the metabolic state of free radicals and indirectly reflect the extent of tissue damage [ 96 ]. Accordingly, some natural polysaccharides with antioxidant activity can eliminate fatigue by eliminating ROS, increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, and reducing MDA level.…”

Glyoxal in Foods: Formation, Metabolism, Health Hazards, and Its Control Strategies

“…People are continuously exposed to glyoxal through diet and the environment, with the former being the main route of exogenous exposure to glyoxal. During food processing, glyoxal can be produced by the Maillard reaction, the autoxidation of d -glucose, the pyrolysis of carbohydrates, and the peroxidation of lipids. − Consequently, glyoxal is frequently found in diets that are high in carbohydrates and lipids. Glyoxal exposure through the diet is quite concerning because it is rapidly absorbed into the systemic circulation through the gastrointestinal tract .…”