Lipid peroxidation as a hallmark of severity in COVID-19 patients

Martín-Fernández, Marta; Aller, R.; Heredia-Rodríguez, María; Gómez-Sánchez, Esther; Martínez-Paz, Pedro; Gonzalo, Hugo; Prada, Laura Sánchez-de; Gorgojo, Óscar; Carnicero-Frutos, Irene; Tamayo, Eduardo; Tamayo-Velasco, Álvaro

doi:10.1016/j.redox.2021.102181

Cited by 55 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…In fact, elevated lipid peroxidation is the only oxidative stress biomarker that is significantly different between intubated COVID-19 patients and/or those who died compared to patients with mild disease. In addition, patients whose lipid peroxidation rose above 1948.17 μM were either intubated or died 8.4 days earlier on average (mean survival time 15.4 vs. 23.8 days) [ 479 ]. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant that can protect mitochondrial function by neutralizing ROS to inhibit CL peroxidation [ 480 ].…”

Section: Melatonin Protects Mitochondria and Atp Production To Inhibi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin: Regulation of Viral Phase Separation and Epitranscriptomics in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19

Loh¹,

Reíter

2022

IJMS

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The relentless, protracted evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus imposes tremendous pressure on herd immunity and demands versatile adaptations by the human host genome to counter transcriptomic and epitranscriptomic alterations associated with a wide range of short- and long-term manifestations during acute infection and post-acute recovery, respectively. To promote viral replication during active infection and viral persistence, the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein regulates host cell microenvironment including pH and ion concentrations to maintain a high oxidative environment that supports template switching, causing extensive mitochondrial damage and activation of pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling cascades. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial distress induce dynamic changes to both the host and viral RNA m6A methylome, and can trigger the derepression of long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE1), resulting in global hypomethylation, epigenetic changes, and genomic instability. The timely application of melatonin during early infection enhances host innate antiviral immune responses by preventing the formation of “viral factories” by nucleocapsid liquid-liquid phase separation that effectively blockades viral genome transcription and packaging, the disassembly of stress granules, and the sequestration of DEAD-box RNA helicases, including DDX3X, vital to immune signaling. Melatonin prevents membrane depolarization and protects cristae morphology to suppress glycolysis via antioxidant-dependent and -independent mechanisms. By restraining the derepression of LINE1 via multifaceted strategies, and maintaining the balance in m6A RNA modifications, melatonin could be the quintessential ancient molecule that significantly influences the outcome of the constant struggle between virus and host to gain transcriptomic and epitranscriptomic dominance over the host genome during acute infection and PASC.

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Section: Melatonin Protects Mitochondria and Atp Production To Inhibi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin: Regulation of Viral Phase Separation and Epitranscriptomics in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19

Loh¹,

Reíter

2022

IJMS

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“…A preliminary report on a small sample of critically ill COVID-19 patients described higher levels of protein adducts of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal in the deceased, as compared to survivors [ 118 ]. Compared to healthy controls, circulating SOD and CAT activity, as well as carbonyl and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, were higher, while total antioxidant capacity levels were lower in COVID-19 patients [ 119 ]. Moreover, higher LPO levels were independently associated with a higher risk of intubation or death at 28 days [ 119 ].…”

Section: Covid-19 Redox Balance and Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to healthy controls, circulating SOD and CAT activity, as well as carbonyl and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, were higher, while total antioxidant capacity levels were lower in COVID-19 patients [ 119 ]. Moreover, higher LPO levels were independently associated with a higher risk of intubation or death at 28 days [ 119 ]. A further study demonstrated that neutrophils are the main source of reactive species in severe COVID-19, and circulating H 2 O 2 levels are increased in dead patients [ 120 ].…”

Section: Covid-19 Redox Balance and Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Homeostasis and Immune Alterations in Coronavirus Disease-19

Bellanti

Buglio

Vendemiale

2022

Biology

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The global Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is characterized by a wide variety of clinical features, from no or moderate symptoms to severe illness. COVID-19 is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that first affects the respiratory tract. Other than being limited to lungs, SARS-CoV-2 may lead to a multisystem disease that can even be durable (long COVID). The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 depends on variability in the immune regulation. Indeed, disease progression is consequent to failure in the immune regulation, characterized by an intensification of the pro-inflammatory response. Disturbance of systemic and organ-related redox balance may be a further mechanism underlying variability in COVID-19 severity. Other than being determinant for SARS-CoV-2 entry and fusion to the host cell, reactive species and redox signaling are deeply involved in the immune response. This review sums up the present knowledge on the role of redox balance in the regulation of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and related immune response, debating the effectiveness of antioxidant compounds in the management of COVID-19.

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“…Another ROS-related disease is cerebral ischemic stroke, a leading cause of death and disability in humans [ 3 ]. It has recently been pointed out that oxidative stress may be a significant factor in COVID-19 pathogenesis due to its role in the response to infections [ 4 ]. In addition, oxidative stress transforms 3CLpro (a key proteinase for SARS-CoV-2 replication and a significant target for antiviral drug development) into an insoluble and enzymatically active form, leading to increased viral replication/transcription, suggesting the therapeutic potential of antioxidants in the clinical treatment of COVID-19 patients [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Effect of Nanoparticles Composed of Zein and Orange (Citrus sinensis) Extract Obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

et al. 2022

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In the present research, an orange extract (OE) was obtained and encapsulated in a zein matrix for its subsequent physicochemical characterization and evaluation of its antioxidant capacity. The OE consists of phenolic compounds and flavonoids extracted from orange peel (Citrus sinensis) by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The results obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that zein nanoparticles with orange extract (NpZOE) presented a nanometric size and spherical shape, presenting a hydrodynamic diameter of 159.26 ± 5.96 nm. Furthermore, ζ-potential evolution and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were used to evaluate the interaction between zein and OE. Regarding antioxidant activity, ABTS and DPPH assays indicated no significant differences at high concentrations of orange peel extract and NpZOE; however, NpZOE was more effective at low concentrations. Although this indicates that ultrasonication as an extraction method effectively obtains the phenolic compounds present in orange peels, the nanoprecipitation method under the conditions used allowed us to obtain particles in the nanometric range with positive ζ-potential. On the other hand, the antioxidant capacity analysis indicated a high antioxidant capacity of both OE and the NpZOE. This study presents the possibility of obtaining orange extracts by ultrasound and coupling them to zein-based nanoparticulate systems to be applied as biomedical materials functionalized with antioxidant substances of pharmaceutical utility.

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Lipid peroxidation as a hallmark of severity in COVID-19 patients

Cited by 55 publications

References 49 publications

Melatonin: Regulation of Viral Phase Separation and Epitranscriptomics in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19

Melatonin: Regulation of Viral Phase Separation and Epitranscriptomics in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19

Redox Homeostasis and Immune Alterations in Coronavirus Disease-19

Antioxidant Effect of Nanoparticles Composed of Zein and Orange (Citrus sinensis) Extract Obtained by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

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