Lipid peroxidation and inflammatory molecules as markers of coronary artery disease

Abstract

Oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) may exert several pro-inflammatory effects that can contribute to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Evaluating a possible correlation between oxLDLs and clinical expression of CAD, we measured specific lipid peroxidation indices in healthy subjects and in patients at different clinical stages of CAD. We observed a slight, but not significant, increase in plasma content of cholesterol oxidation products, i.e. oxysterols, in all CAD patients, and a slight, but not significant, increase of 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts only in subjects with acute CAD. Moreover, CAD patients showed a plasma rise of specific inflammatory proteins, i.e. C-reactive protein, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and interleukin-8, but not of monocyte chemotactic protein-1. These preliminary data, without excluding an involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation in CAD, do not show a strict correlation between relevant plasma markers, other than C-reactive protein, and acute phase of the disease.

Toward an “omic” physiopathology of reactive chemicals: Thirty years of mass spectrometric study of the protein adducts with endogenous and xenobiotic compounds

“…In particular, promising results have been achieved by several laboratories in the measurement of protein adducts of reactive lipids such as acrolein and HNE, but their value as surrogate markers for assessing the level of oxidative stress is still under debate (Asselin et al, 2007;Sottero et al, 2007) and calls for the use of specific assays by GC-MS (Asselin et al, 2006) or by LC and tandem MS (Zhu & Sayre, 2007). As reported throughout this review, the use of protein adduct measurement has been thus far mainly restricted to biological monitoring of exposure in research studies of occupational and environmental toxicology.…”

7-Ketocholesterol in disease and aging

“…In arterial plaques, 55% of oxysterols are reported to be 7KC, with the second and third most abundant being cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol and 7-α/βOHC at 13% and 12%, respectively [25]. While it is controversial whether hypercholesterolemia alone is sufficient to elevate circulating 7KC levels [105,106], cross-sectional studies demonstrate that circulating 7KC levels are elevated in patients with atherosclerosis in proportion to the severity of their disease [4,[106], [107], [108], [109]]. Moreover, prospective studies find that higher levels of circulating 7KC are associated with greater future risk of cardiovascular events and total mortality [48,100,110,111].…”

“…All of the components of LDL are susceptible to oxidation to produce an oxidized form of LDL (OxLDL). OxLDL has been linked to a variety of pathologies [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]]. Oxidation of the cholesterol in LDL produces several oxidation products including 7KC, which is the most abundant oxysterol present in OxLDL [9,10].…”

Genetic and Functional Characterization of Novel Brown-Like Adipocytes Around the Lamprey Brain

“…Brown-like adipocytes were cultured in M199 medium for 6 h, then incubated with LPS (100 μg/mL) and 25-hydroxycholesterol (50 μM) for 12 h and 24 h. 25HC can induce the production of IL-8 and a variety of cytokines and cause a proinflammatory response ( Sottero et al, 2007 ; Gold et al, 2012 ). It was used to simulate a proinflammatory environment to test whether lamprey brown-like adipocytes have an effect on this.…”