Lipid Metabolism of Cold-Adapted Man

Itoh, Shinji; Kuroshima, Akihiro

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-93010-2_17

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Consequently, even if the core is better isolated from the cold stress, this is not sufficient to prevent a decrease in core temperature, probably because of insufficient clothing and prolonged exposure especially during the night at a low ambient temperature 7) . This type of adaptation has also been found in people repeatedly immersed in cold water as in professionals breath-hold divers like the Ama in Japan and Korea [41][42][43][44] or in Caucasians during acclimation or acclimatization studies by water immersion 27,28,45,46) . In these subjects, the fall in Tc is more pronounced and more rapid than in the Aborigines.…”

Section: Isolative Hypothermic Cold Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 63%

Cold Adaptations

Launay

Savourey

2009

Ind Health

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Nowdays, occupational and recreational activities in cold environments are common. Exposure to cold induces thermoregulatory responses like changes of behaviour and physiological adjustments to maintain thermal balance either by increasing metabolic heat production by shivering and/or by decreasing heat losses consecutive to peripheral cutaneous vasoconstriction. Those physiological responses present a great variability among individuals and depend mainly on biometrical characteristics, age, and general cold adaptation. During severe cold exposure, medical disorders may occur such as accidental hypothermia and/or freezing or non-freezing cold injuries. General cold adaptations have been qualitatively classified by Hammel and quantitatively by Savourey. This last classification takes into account the quantitative changes of the main cold reactions: higher or lower metabolic heat production, higher or lesser heat losses and finally the level of the core temperature observed at the end of a standardized exposure to cold. General cold adaptations observed previously in natives could also be developed in laboratory conditions by continuous or intermittent cold exposures. Beside general cold adaptation, local cold adaptation exists and is characterized by a lesser decrease of skin temperature, a more pronounced cold induced vasodilation, less pain and a higher manual dexterity. Adaptations to cold may reduce the occurrence of accidents and improve human performance as surviving in the cold. The present review describes both general and local cold adaptations in humans and how they are of interest for cold workers.

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Section: Isolative Hypothermic Cold Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 63%

Cold Adaptations

Launay

Savourey

2009

Ind Health

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“…Moreover, in place of the linear or accelerating age-related decrease of BMR usually seen in subjects of European ancestry, the Inuit data tended to a nadir at 40-50 years of age, with higher BMR readings in the older individuals. It may be that when the measurements were made, the older members of the community maintained a more traditional lifestyle of hunting and trapping and were thus exposed more frequently to cold, with a greater development of an adaptive increase of resting metabolism (Itoh, 1974). However, an interesting parallel also can be drawn between the metabolic data and blood lipid profiles for the Igloolik population (Rode et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors have reported values for the basal or resting metabolic rate (BMR, RMR) of circumpolar populations (Hart et al, 1962;Itoh, 1980;Milan and Evonuk, 1966;Rennie et al, 1962;Roberts, 1952;Rodahl, 1952). Early investigators were convinced that values were high relative t o urban populations, due either to the specific dynamic action of a diet rich in protein and fat (Shephard, 1983) or a cold-induced increase in thyroxine secretion (Itoh, 1974). However, Godin and Shephard (1973) suggested that a part of the apparent increase might reflect anxiety and to counter this made comparative measurements during the performance of light physical tasks.…”

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confidence: 99%

Basal metabolic rate of inuit

Rode

Shephard

1995

American J Hum Biol

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Basal metabolic rates (BMR) at the end of the winter of 1981-1982 were determined in both Inuit and subjects of European ancestry resident in Igloolik, N.W.T. (69°40'N, 81°W). Values for the Inuit sample (22 females, 14-53 years, and 30 males, 14-70 years) exceeded published body surface area norms by some 16-18%; they also exceeded the body mass norms of Schofield (1985) by 9-10%. In contrast, readings on the six subjects of European ancestry, obtained by the same observer, using the same Douglas bag technique, agreed closely with both sets of published norms. When data were expressed per unit of lean body mass, values were again 10-12% higher in the Inuit. Concomitant recordings of heart rate did not suggest that the BMRs of the Inuit subjects were increased by anxiety. Contrary to findings in the subjects of European ancestry, BMRs appeared to be higher in the elderly than in young and middle-age Inuit. This could reflect two consequences of a more traditional lifestyle among the older members of the Igloolik population: greater exposure to a very cold external environment, and greater consumption of "country" foods rich in protein and fat. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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“…When the cold pressor response was used to assess cold adaptability, most researchers concluded that habituation to repeated exposures to cold climates generally resulted in attenuation of the cold pressor response as a result of a decline in sympathetic vasomotor discharge (Glaser and Whittow, 1957;Le Blanc et al, 1960, 1975. Brown et al (1954) and Itoh (1974) investigated similar parameters in several cold adapted ethnic groups, including Eskimos, Caucasians, and Japanese. The evidence suggested that ethnicity alone could result in differences in the cold pressor response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finger temperature recordings obtained at neutral ambient temperatures indicated that the Malays had a higher rate of skin perfusion which could be attributed to dif-ferences on the basis of race (Itoh, 1974). Ethnic contrasts in finger temperature changes during localized hand cooling in relation to cold-induced vasodilation, also known as the adaptive cold response, were discussed by Steegmann (1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population differences in cardiovascular reactivity to the cold pressor test

Duncan

Husain

Chen

et al. 1995

American J Hum Biol

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The interaction of race and climatic adaptation on patterns of cardiovascular reactivity among young adult males was examined. Malay and Chinese subjects living in a tropical climate in the Orient and Caucasians living in a sub-tropical climate in North America were investigated. The cold pressor test with hand immersion in cold water was used as the stressor. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, cardiac frequency, cardiac output, and stroke volume were measured. The results provided limited evidence for absence of differences in cardiac reactivity among racial groups and for greater vascular reactivity in the Caucasians. Cold immersion also elicited differential responses which could be partially attributed to differences in acclimatizations status. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Lipid Metabolism of Cold-Adapted Man

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Cold Adaptations

Cold Adaptations

Basal metabolic rate of inuit

Population differences in cardiovascular reactivity to the cold pressor test

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