Lipid metabolism in the mammary gland or ruminant animals

Moore, J. H.; Christie, William W.

doi:10.1016/0079-6832(79)90012-0

Cited by 121 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 357 publications

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“…This is in agreement with the results of mRNA abundance obtained in cows (Bionaz and Loor, 2008a) but is contrary to proteomic analysis in this latter species (Peng et al, 2008). In contrast, the presence of ELOVL5 mRNA in the mammary tissue of goats (even in lower abundances than in other tissues) was unexpected because it is usually accepted that mammary tissue lacks elongases (Moore and Christie, 1981). Determining whether the mRNA abundance of ELOVL5 has a role in the content of 22:5n-3 in caprine mammary tissue (Figure 1) needs further research.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…On the contrary, 10:0 1 12:0 1 14:0 were present in lower amounts in the mammary FA profile than in milk (Bernard et al, 2010), which is consistent with previous reports in ruminants (Christie, 1981). The appearance of these FAs in mammary secretory tissue could be partially explained by their presence in unsecreted cytosolic lipid droplets (Christie, 1981;Moore and Christie, 1981); however, the virtual absence of shorter FAs puts this hypothesis into question and suggests that they may represent constituent lipids of the mammary tissue.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Effects of fish oil and additional starch on tissue fatty acid profile and lipogenic gene mRNA abundance in lactating goats fed a diet containing sunflower-seed oil

Toral

Bernard

Delavaud

et al. 2013

Animal

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In dairy cattle, diet supplementation with oils affects the lipid metabolism in body tissues via changes in the partitioning and deposition of fatty acids (FAs) and lipogenic gene expression; however, limited data are available in goats. Eight Alpine goats were fed a grassland hay diet supplemented with 90 g/day of sunflower-seed oil or 90 g/day of sunflower-seed oil and fish oil (2 : 1) plus additional starch. The goats were slaughtered on day 21 of the treatments and samples of the mammary secretory tissue, liver, omental and perirenal adipose tissues (ATs) were collected to characterise their FA composition and the mRNA abundance of lipogenic genes and transcription factors involved in their regulation, and to examine the impact of the diet composition on the same parameters. The results are in agreement with the specific physiological adaptation in the lipid metabolism of body tissues that is likely to occur during late lactation because of the coexistence of an active lipogenesis in the mammary secretory tissue and a significant anabolic activity in the ATs. These latter tissues were characterised by high concentrations of saturated FA and very low polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) levels. The content of PUFA was relatively higher in the mammary secretory tissue, in particular in the case of polyunsaturated C18. The highest PUFA contents were found in the liver, in accordance with the greater mRNA abundances of the genes that encode the necessary enzymes for very long-chain n-3 and n-6 PUFA synthesis. However, substantial differences between n-3 and n-6 pathways would most likely exist in the goat liver. Overall, differences in diet composition induced limited changes in the mRNA abundance of genes involved in lipid metabolism, and these were not associated with the few variations observed in tissue FA composition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of fish oil and additional starch on tissue fatty acid profile and lipogenic gene mRNA abundance in lactating goats fed a diet containing sunflower-seed oil

Toral

Bernard

Delavaud

et al. 2013

Animal

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“…24 The ability to rationalise all CID/OzID processes stemming from a single mechanism enables the prediction of diagnostic neutral losses for any acyl chain (e.g., Supporting Information Table S-1), which combined with information obtained from CID, should enable de novo assignment of acyl chain substitution patterns in unknown TGs. TGs containing multiple short chain FAs and a single long chain FA are present in milk from ruminant animals, 34 and play an important role in the mating behaviour of Drosophila (e.g., TG(5:1_5:1_18:1). 27 The positional isomers of such TGs are difficult to differentiate by infrared spectroscopy or electron ionisation (EI) MS. 26 Moreover, the 5:1 tiglic acid moiety presents an interesting structure to study the dissociation mechanisms of ionised TGs during tandem mass spectrometry, due to the absence of an α-hydrogen adjacent to the carbonyl.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Collision- and Ozone-Induced Dissociation Enables Assignment of Relative Acyl Chain Position in Triacylglycerols

et al. 2016

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Unambiguous identification of isomeric lipids by mass spectrometry represents a significant analytical challenge in contemporary lipidomics. Herein, the combination of collision-induced dissociation (CID) with ozone-induced dissociation (OzID) on an ion-trap mass spectrometer is applied to the identification of triacylglycerol (TG) isomers that vary only by the substitution pattern of fatty acyl (FA) chains esterified to the glycerol backbone. Isolated product ions attributed to loss of a single FA arising from CID of [TG + Na]+ ions react rapidly with ozone within the ion trap. The resulting CID/OzID spectra exhibit abundant ions that unequivocally reveal the relative position of FAs along the backbone. Isomeric TGs containing two or three different FA substituents are readily differentiated by diagnostic ions present in their CID/OzID spectra. Compatibility of this method with chromatographic separations enables the characterization of unusual TGs containing multiple short-chain FAs present in Drosophila. ABSTRACT: Unambiguous identification of isomeric lipids by mass spectrometry represents a significant analytical challenge in contemporary lipidomics. Herein, the combination of collision-induced dissociation (CID) with ozone-induced dissociation (OzID) on an ion-trap mass spectrometer is applied to the identification of triacylglycerol (TG) isomers that vary only by the substitution pattern of fatty acyl (FA) chains esterified to the glycerol backbone. Isolated product ions attributed to loss of a single FA arising from CID of [TG + Na] + ions react rapidly with ozone within the ion trap. The resulting CID/OzID spectra exhibit abundant ions that unequivocally reveal the relative position of FAs along the backbone. Isomeric TGs containing two or three different FA substituents are readily differentiated by diagnostic ions present in their CID/OzID spectra. Compatibility of this method with chromatographic separations enables the characterisation of unusual TGs containing multiple short-chain FAs present in Drosophila.

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“…The third possibility is related to milk fat liquidity. According to Moore and Christie (1979), a liquid form is necessary for milk fat droplets to move to the surface of the secretory cells to be pinched off during milk fat secretion and for fat globules to be suspended in milk. Normally, fat liquidity is assured by acylation of short-chain fatty acids (low melting point) to the sn-3 position of the glycerol moiety.…”

Section: Clamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T11-18:1, derived from the rumen during biohydrogenation of 18:2n-6, as discussed above, can be desaturated as a result of the action of Δ9-desaturase (Palmquist et al, 2005;Mosley et al, 2006), forming c9, t11-18:2. The enzyme acts on the bond at carbon 9 in 16:0, 18:0 as well as t11-18:1 in the presence of NADPH, flavin and ferrous ion (Moore and Christie, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing increases the concentration of CLA in dairy cow milk

Lahlou

Kanneganti

Massingill

et al. 2014

animal

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An experiment was conducted to examine whether increased CLA in milk of dairy cows fed fresh pasture compared with alfalfa and corn silages was because of ruminal or endogenous synthesis. Eight Holsteins were fed a total mixed ration using alfalfa and corn silages as the forage source in confinement or grazed in a replicated crossover design. The proportion of total fatty acids as CLA (primarily c9, t11-18:2) in g/100 g was 0.44 v. 0.28 in ruminal digesta, 0.89 v. 0.53 in omasal digesta and 0.71 v. 1.06 in milk during confinement feeding and grazing, respectively. Blood plasma CLA was 0.54 v. 1.05 mg/l for the two treatments, respectively. The increased concentration of CLA in milk with grazing likely resulted from increased synthesis through desaturation of t11-18:1 in the mammary gland.

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Lipid metabolism in the mammary gland or ruminant animals

Cited by 121 publications

References 357 publications

Effects of fish oil and additional starch on tissue fatty acid profile and lipogenic gene mRNA abundance in lactating goats fed a diet containing sunflower-seed oil

Effects of fish oil and additional starch on tissue fatty acid profile and lipogenic gene mRNA abundance in lactating goats fed a diet containing sunflower-seed oil

Sequential Collision- and Ozone-Induced Dissociation Enables Assignment of Relative Acyl Chain Position in Triacylglycerols

Grazing increases the concentration of CLA in dairy cow milk

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