Lipid metabolism in microalgae distinguishes itself

Liu, Bensheng; Benning, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2012.08.008

Cited by 262 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In many eukaryotes, genesilencing mechanisms have been implicated in context-dependent reversible gene repression, a critical component of gene networks involved in stress responses and in developmental programs (Law and Jacobsen, 2010;Bannister and Kouzarides, 2011;Ohsawa et al, 2013;Derkacheva and Hennig, 2014). Interestingly, most microalgae accumulate biofuel-precursor compounds, such as starch and triacylglycerols (TAGs), primarily under stress conditions (Hu et al, 2008;Radakovits et al, 2010;La Russa et al, 2012;Liu and Benning, 2013). Transcriptome analyses in C. reinhardtii (reviewed by Liu and Benning, 2013) have revealed that a subset of genes involved in TAG biosynthesis, such as those encoding certain acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferases, display greatly enhanced or almost exclusive expression in nitrogen-deprived cells.…”

Section: Gene Silencing Mechanisms and Biofuel/biomaterials Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, most microalgae accumulate biofuel-precursor compounds, such as starch and triacylglycerols (TAGs), primarily under stress conditions (Hu et al, 2008;Radakovits et al, 2010;La Russa et al, 2012;Liu and Benning, 2013). Transcriptome analyses in C. reinhardtii (reviewed by Liu and Benning, 2013) have revealed that a subset of genes involved in TAG biosynthesis, such as those encoding certain acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferases, display greatly enhanced or almost exclusive expression in nitrogen-deprived cells. These observations suggest that gene-silencing mechanisms may indeed be involved in modulating metabolic responses to stress in microalgae.…”

Section: Gene Silencing Mechanisms and Biofuel/biomaterials Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some species, transient gene repression has been achieved by introduction into algal cells of non-integrative dsRNA/sRNA producing plasmids or of exogenously synthesized dsRNAs/sRNAs (Cerutti et al, 2011;Gimpel et al, 2013). In microalgae with available genome transformation methodologies stable and heritable RNAi has been developed, relying generally on the production of hairpin dsRNAs or artificial microRNAs from genome-integrated transgenes (Radakovits et al, 2010;Cerutti et al, 2011;Gimpel et al, 2013;Liu and Benning, 2013). These approaches have been used to suppress endogenous gene expression in microalgae, in order to characterize functionally genes involved in lipid metabolism (Gimpel et al, 2013;Liu and Benning, 2013) as well as to engineer algal strains with altered traits for biotechnological purposes, such as optimizing antenna size to improve light utilization and photosynthetic efficiency (Gimpel et al, 2013).…”

Section: Gene Silencing Mechanisms and Biofuel/biomaterials Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In microalgae with available genome transformation methodologies stable and heritable RNAi has been developed, relying generally on the production of hairpin dsRNAs or artificial microRNAs from genome-integrated transgenes (Radakovits et al, 2010;Cerutti et al, 2011;Gimpel et al, 2013;Liu and Benning, 2013). These approaches have been used to suppress endogenous gene expression in microalgae, in order to characterize functionally genes involved in lipid metabolism (Gimpel et al, 2013;Liu and Benning, 2013) as well as to engineer algal strains with altered traits for biotechnological purposes, such as optimizing antenna size to improve light utilization and photosynthetic efficiency (Gimpel et al, 2013). RNAi technology (Cerutti et al, 2011), in conjunction with system level 'omics' approaches, may contribute much-needed insight into gene function, metabolic pathways, and regulatory networks in microalgae, as well as provide a valuable tool for the genetic engineering of enhanced traits.…”

Section: Gene Silencing Mechanisms and Biofuel/biomaterials Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gene silencing in microalgae: Mechanisms and biological roles

Kim

Cerutti³

2015

Bioresource Technology

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Microalgae exhibit enormous diversity and can potentially contribute to the production of biofuels and high value compounds. However, for most species, our knowledge of their physiology, metabolism, and gene regulation is fairly limited. In eukaryotes, gene silencing mechanisms play important roles in both the reversible repression of genes that are required only in certain contexts and the suppression of genome invaders such at transposons. The recent sequencing of several algal genomes is providing insights into the complexity of these mechanisms in microalgae. Collectively, glaucophyte, red, and green microalgae contain the machineries involved in repressive histone H3 lysine methylation, DNA cytosine methylation, and RNA interference. However, individual species often only have subsets of these gene-silencing mechanisms. Moreover, current evidence suggests that algal silencing systems function in transposon and transgene repression but their role(s) in gene regulation or other cellular processes remains virtually unexplored, hindering rational genetic engineering efforts.

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Section: Gene Silencing Mechanisms and Biofuel/biomaterials Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gene Silencing Mechanisms and Biofuel/biomaterials Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gene Silencing Mechanisms and Biofuel/biomaterials Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gene Silencing Mechanisms and Biofuel/biomaterials Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gene silencing in microalgae: Mechanisms and biological roles

Kim

Cerutti³

2015

Bioresource Technology

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“…In a range of microalgae, nitrogen (N) deprivation induces high accumulation of starch and TAG (Martin and Goodenough, 1975;Shifrin and Chisholm, 1981;Granum et al, 2002;Hu et al, 2008;Liu and Benning, 2013). In an effort to understand algal TAG production during N deprivation and to guide engineering of higher oil yields, omics-based approaches have been employed (Jamers et al, 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Regulation of Photosynthetic Structure and Function during Nitrogen Deprivation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Juergens

Deshpande²,

Lucker

et al. 2014

Plant Physiology

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The accumulation of carbon storage compounds by many unicellular algae after nutrient deprivation occurs despite declines in their photosynthetic apparatus. To understand the regulation and roles of photosynthesis during this potentially bioenergetically valuable process, we analyzed photosynthetic structure and function after nitrogen deprivation in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolite, and lipid profiling and microscopic time course data were combined with multiple measures of photosynthetic function. Levels of transcripts and proteins of photosystems I and II and most antenna genes fell with differing trajectories; thylakoid membrane lipid levels decreased, while their proportions remained similar and thylakoid membrane organization appeared to be preserved. Cellular chlorophyll (Chl) content decreased more than 2-fold within 24 h, and we conclude from transcript protein and 13 C labeling rates that Chl synthesis was down-regulated both pre-and posttranslationally and that Chl levels fell because of a rapid cessation in synthesis and dilution by cellular growth rather than because of degradation. Photosynthetically driven oxygen production and the efficiency of photosystem II as well as P700 + reduction and electrochromic shift kinetics all decreased over the time course, without evidence of substantial energy overflow. The results also indicate that linear electron flow fell approximately 15% more than cyclic flow over the first 24 h. Comparing Calvin-Benson cycle transcript and enzyme levels with changes in photosynthetic 13 CO 2 incorporation rates also pointed to a coordinated multilevel down-regulation of photosynthetic fluxes during starch synthesis before the induction of high triacylglycerol accumulation rates.

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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms for Lipid Synthesis and Accumulation in Microalgae: Biotechnological Implications

Han

Yoon

et al. 2013

Handbook of Microalgal Culture

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Lipid metabolism in microalgae distinguishes itself

Cited by 262 publications

References 65 publications

Gene silencing in microalgae: Mechanisms and biological roles

Gene silencing in microalgae: Mechanisms and biological roles

The Regulation of Photosynthetic Structure and Function during Nitrogen Deprivation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms for Lipid Synthesis and Accumulation in Microalgae: Biotechnological Implications

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