Lipid metabolism and rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

As a chronic progressive autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by mainly damaging the synovium of peripheral joints and causing joint destruction and early disability. RA is also associated with a high incidence rate and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Recently, the relationship between lipid metabolism and RA has gradually attracted attention. Plasma lipid changes in RA patients are often detected in clinical tests, the systemic inflammatory status and drug treatment of RA patients can interact with the metabolic level of the body. With the development of lipid metabolomics, the changes of lipid small molecules and potential metabolic pathways have been gradually discovered, which makes the lipid metabolism of RA patients or the systemic changes of lipid metabolism after treatment more and more comprehensive. This article reviews the lipid level of RA patients, as well as the relationship between inflammation, joint destruction, cardiovascular disease, and lipid level. In addition, this review describes the effect of anti-rheumatic drugs or dietary intervention on the lipid profile of RA patients to better understand RA.

Rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenesis and therapeutic advances

“…In sera and synovial fluid of RA patients, both higher level of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) derived from arachidonic acid and lower level of SPMs are observed. 143 Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by inactivation of AMP-activated protein kinase redirects T cell metabolism from FA oxidation to FA synthesis, promoting cytokine production and T cell infiltration into joints. 144 In addition, the derivatives of cholesterol and FAs are also the natural ligand of RORγt, the master transcription factor for IL-17 production.…”

“…In sera and synovial fluid of RA patients, both higher level of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) derived from arachidonic acid and lower level of SPMs are observed. 143 …”

Lipid metabolic reprogramming by traditional Chinese medicine and its role in effective cancer therapy

“…Hydrolyzed small molecules such as glycerol and short- and medium-chain fatty acids are absorbed into the bloodstream by the small intestine. After monolipids and long-chain fatty acids are absorbed, triglycerides are first resynthesized in small intestinal cells, together with phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins, to form chylomicrons, which enter the blood circulation from the lymphatic system 16 . Fatty acids are important components of various lipids that play a vital role in cells 17 .…”

Ionic Liquid Transdermal Patches of Two Active Ingredients Based on Semi-Ionic Hydrogen Bonding for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment

“…Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that leads to deformities and disabilities in patients [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. The current recommended treatment for RA includes nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids (GCs), disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and nanomedicine-based medication [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”